Difference between revisions of "Primary School Leaving Examination"

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{{original research|date=January 2010}}
The '''Primary School Leaving Examination''' ('''PSLE''') is a national examination that is administered by Singapore Examination and Assessment Board (SEAB) on behalf of the Ministry of Education (MOE). It is taken by all Primary 6 students at the end of the year before they progress to secondary school. The examination test students' proficiency in the English language, their respective mother tongue languages (typically Chinese, Malay or Tamil), mathematics and science. Students have about two hours to complete each subject paper except for certain components of language subjects. Students answer multiple choice questions by shading their responses on a standardised optical answer sheet (OAS) that uses optical mark recognition to detect answers or by writing their workings and/or answers on the question booklet itself for certain sections of the paper.
{{refimprove|date=January 2010}}
{{Wikibooks|PSLE Study Guide}}


The '''Primary School Leaving Examination''' (PSLE) is a national [[examination]] taken by all students in [[Singapore]] near the end of their sixth year in [[primary education|primary school]], which is also their last year in primary school before they leave for [[secondary education|secondary school]]. It is administered by the [[Ministry of Education (Singapore)|Ministry of Education]]. This nationwide examination tests the [[English language]], the [[mother tongue|Mother Tongue]] languages (typically [[Chinese Language|Chinese]], [[Malay Language|Malay]], or [[Tamil language|Tamil]], and also some other South Asian languages, such as Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi,  Punjabi and Urdu), [[Mathematics]] and [[Science]]. Each subject paper is around 2 hours long, with this time varying by fifteen [[minute]]s, except for certain components of language subjects. [[Multiple choice question]]s are tested using a standardised [[optical answer sheet]] (OAS) that uses [[optical mark recognition]] to detect answers.
The format of the PSLE and the presence of it in the education system gives it a part in national culture. PSLE material has also been exported to other countries. Some schools abroad, particularly in Southeast Asia, India and China, have their pupils sit the international version of the exam, the iPSLE, to provide a benchmark of their performance, compared to Singapore's standards.<ref>[//eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_2016-07-08_114217.html "Primary School Leaving Examination"] Retrieved 29 November 2016.</ref>


The format of the PSLE and the presence of it in the Singapore education system gives the PSLE a part in national culture. PSLE material has also been exported to other countries.  Also, some schools abroad have their students take the international version of the exam called the International Primary School Leaving Examination or iPSLE taken sometime in August to help them benchmark themselves vis-a-vis the performance of other foreign schools.
In March 2018, calls for the removal of the PSLE was rejected in parliament by then Education Minister (Schools) Ng Chee Meng, who cited it as a "useful checkpoint" in a child's education journey.<ref>[//www.straitstimes.com/politics/call-for-moe-to-remove-sacred-cow-of-psle "Parliament: Call for MOE to remove 'sacred cow' of PSLE"]. The Straits Times (6 March 2018). Retrieved 17 July 2018.</ref> On 28 September 2018, Education Minister Ong Ye Kung reiterated his stance on keeping the
PSLE while announcing that the ministry will remove several mid-year and year-end exams across the board from primary one up to secondary four with the aim of reducing assessments based on exam results and to encourage students to be an all rounder.<ref>[//www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/exams-assessments-scrap-mid-year-primary-secondary-schools-10767370 "Fewer exams, assessments in schools to reduce emphasis on academic results: MOE"]. Channel NewsAsia. Retrieved 30 September 2018.</ref>


==Examination subjects and procedure==
==Examination subjects==
The format of the examinations within the PSLE has been revised consistently throughout its history, in order to suit the Ministry of Education's policy. However, the standard examination procedure retains many of the same elements throughout the years despite changes being made to the requirements of each question, the [[Score (gaming)|score]] allocated to each question and the revisions in emphasis.
All Primary 6 students will usually take the following subjects:
# English Language
# Mathematics
# Science
# Mother Tongue
# Higher Mother Tongue (for higher ability students only)


== Language examination and qualification''' ==
* Foundation subject may be taken in lieu of standard subject for lower ability students.
In order to test the students' grasp of the language subjects, such as the English language or the Mother Tongue languages at the end of primary school, there are several separate examinations. As the student is usually required to take examinations for both his/her Mother Tongue language and the English language, (with the exceptions of exemption or additional languages), the average student repeats the following procedures twice. With each Mother Tongue subject, there are three levels of examination, the standard level, the foundational level and the separate and optional "Higher Mother Tongue" subject. A student will have to choose between standard and foundational Mother Tongue based on his/her proficiency in the language. Whether a Higher Mother Tongue subject is taken also depends on the student's proficiency in the language. English, Mathematics and Science are available at the standard and foundational levels. A student can opt to take different subjects at different levels. In the past, whether a student took Higher Mother Tongue or not was determined by which stream he/she was in, namely the EM1 (higher) stream and the EM2 stream (standard). These streams had the same standard subjects except for the additional EM1 subject of Higher Mother Tongue, which differentiated the streams. This streaming was based on the overall performance of the student when he/she was in Primary 4, his/her fourth year in primary school. There was also an EM3 stream (foundational), in which a student took all four subjects (English, Mother Tongue, Mathematics and Science) at the foundational level. EM3 Science (a foundation Science curriculum for the EM3 stream) was not available then, it will be only available from 2010, and also the new Science syllabus. From 2007, Primary 4 pupils underwent subject-based rather than overall streaming, so that the labels EM1, EM2 and EM3 disappeared, leaving only the options to take different subjects at the standard or foundational level and the option of taking Higher Mother Tongue. At the end of Primary 4, the students' parents decide their combination of subjects. At the end of Primary 5, the school will make the final decision on the student's combination of subjects.


The examination format tends to vary by language, but each language examination usually has an oral examination, testing the students' proficiency in speaking the language, a [[listening comprehension]](LC) examination, testing the students' ability to comprehend speech in daily situations, an examination to test the student's [[composition (language)|composition]] skills and the student's proficiency in writing in various scenarios, and finally an examination testing the student's written use of the language (e.g. grammar, punctuation, vocabulary).
The following are the examination format and code published by Singapore Examination and Assessment Board.


====English language====
{| class='wikitable sortable mw-collapsible'
The oral examination for the English language usually lasts about five to ten minutes per student; however, students are of the examination, the examination is often divided into two days of two separate sets of material each to reduce the inefficiency caused by the waiting time.
!Subject Code
!Subject Title
|-
|0001 [//www.seab.gov.sg/docs/default-source/national-examinations/syllabus/psle/2024_psle_subject_info/2024-psle-el-0001-exam-syllabus.pdf]
|English
|-
|0005 [//www.seab.gov.sg/docs/default-source/national-examinations/syllabus/psle/2024_psle_subject_info/2024-psle-cl-0005-exam-syllabus.pdf]
|Chinese
|-
|0006 [//www.seab.gov.sg/docs/default-source/national-examinations/syllabus/psle/2024_psle_subject_info/2024-psle-ml-0006-exam-syllabus.pdf]
|Malay
|-
|0007 [//www.seab.gov.sg/docs/default-source/national-examinations/syllabus/psle/2024_psle_subject_info/2024-psle-tl-0007-exam-syllabus.pdf]
|Tamil
|-
|0008 [//www.seab.gov.sg/docs/default-source/national-examinations/syllabus/psle/2024_psle_subject_info/2024-psle-math-0008-exam-syllabus.pdf]
|Mathematics
|-
|0009 [//www.seab.gov.sg/docs/default-source/national-examinations/syllabus/psle/2024_psle_subject_info/2024-psle-science-0009-exam-syllabus.pdf]
|Science
|-
|0015 [//www.seab.gov.sg/docs/default-source/national-examinations/syllabus/psle/2024_psle_subject_info/2024-psle-hcl-0015-exam-syllabus.pdf]
|Higher Chinese
|-
|0016 [//www.seab.gov.sg/docs/default-source/national-examinations/syllabus/psle/2024_psle_subject_info/2024-psle-hml-0016-exam-syllabus.pdf]
|Higher Malay
|-
|0017 [//www.seab.gov.sg/docs/default-source/national-examinations/syllabus/psle/2024_psle_subject_info/2024-psle-htl-0017-exam-syllabus.pdf]
|Higher Tamil
|-
|0025 [//www.seab.gov.sg/docs/default-source/national-examinations/syllabus/psle/2024_psle_subject_info/2024-psle-fcl-0025-exam-syllabus.pdf]
|Foundation Chinese
|-
|0026 [//www.seab.gov.sg/docs/default-source/national-examinations/syllabus/psle/2024_psle_subject_info/2024-psle-fml-0026-exam-syllabus.pdf]
|Foundation Malay
|-
|0027 [//www.seab.gov.sg/docs/default-source/national-examinations/syllabus/psle/2024_psle_subject_info/2024-psle-ftl-0027-exam-syllabus.pdf]
|Foundation Tamil
|-
|0031 [//www.seab.gov.sg/docs/default-source/national-examinations/syllabus/psle/2024_psle_subject_info/2024-psle-el-0031-exam-syllabus.pdf]
|Foundation English
|-
|0038 [//www.seab.gov.sg/docs/default-source/national-examinations/syllabus/psle/2024_psle_subject_info/2024-psle-fmath-0038-exam-syllabus.pdf]
|Foundation Mathematics
|-
|0039 [//www.seab.gov.sg/docs/default-source/national-examinations/syllabus/psle/2024_psle_subject_info/2024-psle-fscience-0039-exam-syllabus.pdf]
|Foundation Science
|}


The maximum score for this examination is 30. The oral examination is divided into three sections: students are required to read aloud from a passage fluently, this being graded on a score of 10. The students are then required to describe and interpret a picture as thoroughly and detailed as possible in a clockwise or anti-clockwise way, and giving comments about their actions in a formal way and predict the consequence of such an action, and this also having a score of 10. It is advised that students do not point to the picture. No names should be given and everything is to be said in present tense. The final section requires the students to answer any questions the teachers asks of them related to the two sections, which often require their opinion and [[inference]], and provides the final ten marks. The examination is judged by two teachers who have to agree on a single score for each student.
===Scoring===
{|style='width:100%":
|style='width:33%;vertical-align:top'|
{| class=wikitable
|+ Standard Subject
!Marks Range
!Grade
|-
!90 – 100
|AL1
|-
!85 – 89
|AL2
|-
!80 – 84
|AL3
|-
!75 – 79
|AL4
|-
!65 – 74
|AL5
|-
!45 – 64
|AL6
|-
!20 – 44
|AL7
|-
!0 – 19
|AL8
|}


A listening comprehension examination will then test the students' ability to comprehend the spoken English language in various daily situations, and is composed of twenty multiple choice questions which is based on information contained in [[Sound|audio]] played to the students, and the examination is taken as a class, not individually; this particular examination lasts around twenty minutes, with the maximum score being 20.
|style='width:33%;vertical-align:top'|
{| class=wikitable
|+ Foundation Subject
!Marks Range
!Grade
|-
!75 – 100
|A
|-
!30 – 74
|B
|-
!0 – 29
|C
|}


There is a two-section [[composition (language)|composition]] question comprising of  ''functional writing'', also known as ''situational writing'', where students write an informal or a formal [[Letter (message)|letter]], [[memo]], note or even possibly  a short report, and an [[essay]], usually written in the form of a [[narrative]] or [[Third-person narrative|third person]] [[drama]]. These two sections last a total of one hour and ten minutes. The functional section has a score value of 15; the maximum essay score 40. Two [[teacher]]s are required to grade a composition paper, and the disparity in scoring made by each teacher should be minimal, and the average of the scoring taken if the disparity is small in order to yield the score for the questions. If the disparity is too large, the question papers are required to be re-graded, this time with three teachers.
|style='width:33%;vertical-align:top'|
{| class=wikitable
|+ Higher Mother Tongue
!Marks Range
!Grade
|-
!80 – 100
|DI (Distinction)
|-
!65 – 79
|ME (Merit)
|-
!50 – 64
|PA (Pass)
|-
!0 – 49
|UG (Ungraded)
|}


The essay section in particular usually avoids giving questions requiring [[logical argument]] and favours scenic or event description. This stands in contrast to some of the questions asked often in the [[General Certificate of Education]] (O levels). The examination paper asks the students to choose from two questions. The first question takes the form of a [[picture]], representing a scene in which the students are supposed to write about and describe, and the second takes the form of a given situation or scenario, each including writing criteria, such as the required [[Setting (fiction)|setting]] of each of the two questions in which the students are supposed to fulfil.
|}


The final examination testing the students' proficiency in the language is a written paper which tests the student's comprehension of the written language being tested, and usually lasts about 1 hour and 50 minutes in length. It has a total score value of 95. Multiple choice questions are given in the first section of the written paper, and tests [[grammar]], where students are required to spot a mistake in tense and provide the correct [[grammatical conjugation|conjugate]] or word form, or provide correct [[punctuation]] which as of 2005 has a weight of 15. It also tests [[vocabulary]] the students are required to choose a word from a list that fills in a blank that will express a sentence logically, with a current weight of 5. Students then are provided five questions, with a total weight of 10, where the student is to synthesise (join) two sentences together into one complete, grammatically coherent and agreeable sentence. Following this ten sentences with highlighted spelling and grammar mistakes which are supposed to be [[copyediting|copyedited]], with a total weight of 10. A [[cloze]] passage with a total of ten items and a weight of 10 is provided to the student; the passage tests grammar specifically.
===Grade Computation===
The score will be taken by the summation of all 4 subjects (English, Mathematics, Science, Mother Tongue) based on their Achievement Level (AL1 = 1 points), with the lowest score reflecting a better result. As a result, the minimum score a student can obtain is 4 points and the maximum score is 32 points.


After this, students are given a cloze passage testing comprehension as opposed to grammar, which currently has a weight of 15 in which they fill in blanks with words on their own. Students may be given a graphical stimulus; students will answer multiple-choice questions based on the graphical stimulus. Students are then given a passage to comprehend, and are tested first by answering five multiple choice questions about it, with a total weight of 5, and answering in full sentences ten open-ended questions with a total weight of 20.
===Grade Conversion===
{|style='width:100%"
|style='width:50%;vertical-align:top'|
{| class=wikitable
|+ Foundation → Standard
!Foundation Grade
!Standard Grade
|-
!A
|AL6
|-
!B
|AL7
|-
!C
|AL8
|}


To yield the final grade for the student taking the language, all of the students' examination scores for that language are added; as the maximum total score is 200, the total is divided by 200% to yield the students' percentage score for the language subject. The format described is the standard format for 2005; it varies slightly in weight for each section, with deletions of some sections if the student is taking ''Foundation English'' as part of the [[EM3 stream]].
|style='width:50%;vertical-align:top'|
{| class=wikitable
|+ Higher Mother Tongue → Standard
|-
|There is no conversion as the grade will not be used to compute the final result.


===Science examination and qualification===
Priority will be given during secondary school posting for students who scored well in their Higher Mother Tongue.
A science paper lasts for around 1 hour and 45 minutes. Students are given 30 multiple choice questions with a weight of two marks of each, thus a total weight of 60; 14 open-ended questions, with weights of 2,3 or 4 marks each measure proficiency in several units of the curriculum, with a total weight of 40. The questions in the examination paper are set to test concepts instead of memorised knowledge, hence assessing the true Science ability of pupils. The syllabus covers various aspects of [[chemistry]], [[physics]] and [[biology]], and basic interpretation of [[statistics]] on a primary school level. These distinctions into different fields are not made in the examination format but can be derived based on the different themes:
|}


====Physics====
|}
* [[energy]], its forms such as [[heat]], basic [[thermodynamics]] in a [[system]] and the [[conservation of energy]]
* [[force]]
* [[Biogeochemical cycle]]s: [[water cycle]], [[Earth's atmosphere|atmosphere]], [[hydrosphere]], [[biosphere]]
* [[matter]] and fundamentals of [[materials science]], [[mass]] and [[physical properties]], discrete [[Elementary particle|particle]]s, [[phases of matter]], effects of heat on matter
* [[Electromagnetism]] and its components [[electricity]] and [[magnetism]]
 
====Biology====
* [[Human anatomy]]: [[sense]], [[respiratory system]], [[muscular system|muscular]] and [[skeletal system]], [[digestive system]]
* [[Scientific classification]] of [[life]]
* [[Plant]]s and their parts, methods of [[self-defense|defense]] and [[photosynthesis]], [[transport]] in plants, [[active transport]]
* [[Animal]] [[gestation]] and plant [[germination]], growth, and [[Biological life cycle|life cycle]]s
* [[Sexual reproduction]] and [[asexual reproduction]], [[flower]]s, [[biological dispersal|dispersal]] of [[fruit]], classifying recognising plants' methods of reproduction and dispersal
* Biological production and [[population growth]]: recognising reasons for an [[exponential growth|exponential]] and [[logistic function]] in a graph
* [[Cellular biology]]
 
====Chemistry====
* [[Chemical test]]ing for presence of various substances: calcium hydroxide solution (lime water) to test for [[carbon dioxide]], [[iodine]] solution to test for [[starch]], [[inference]] about interconnected interactions and processes to yield products
* Testing for results of biological processes
* [[Pollution]] and steps to prevent and combat pollution
 
===Mathematics===
The mathematics examination in the PSLE is often one of its most distinctive elements due to its format and style in contrast to most other examinations in other countries. The examination is two hours and fifteen minutes long, and is divided into three bookets,paper 1 "booklet A", "booklet B" and "paper 2". booklet A is multiple choice and consists of fifteen questions, the first ten being one point each in score value, and the other five being two points, and account for 20% of the examination score in total. booklet B requires open-ended input, and comprises twenty questions, the first ten questions are worth one point and the other five questions are worth two points. They usually require little effort from the students and are meant to test individual knowledge components of the student. Paper 2 is worth a total of 60 points, and consists of several questions which are worth from 2 to 5 points. The questions are usually arranged in escalating difficulty, and some of the questions towards the end have received a degree of controversy from parents and educators from other countries. From 2009, the use of calculators were allowed in only Paper 2 of the Mathematics examination.
 
Long-answer questions in the PSLE worth four or five marks tend to be in two types, a [heuristic] type of question, which may require students to form a new theorem, concept or algorithm from pre-existing knowledge in order to solve the question, although this does not have to be shown; however a logical statement and evidence connecting the question to the answer has to be shown in order to be awarded marks.
 
The mathematics examination in the PSLE has faced complaints from [[parent]]s who complain about material outside the syllabus, while facing criticism from some educators from overseas who argue that the examination eventually encourages [[rote learning|rote]] rather than actual conceptual knowledge based on incentives to the student. The 2005 paper drew criticism due to the poor setting of one of the multiple-choice questions, as mentioned below.
 
==Scoring and post-examination procedure==
Although the students have an absolute score, each student's absolute score are compared with other students in order to yield an [[aggregate score]], and the students are ranked according to that basis. This allows the examination to accommodate for overly easy or overly difficult questions. Typically aggregate scores range from 0 to 300. In 2007 and 2010 coincidentally, for example, the highest aggregate score for the PSLE was 294 and the lowest aggregate score was 43. <ref name="test">[http://web.vjc.moe.edu.sg/students/v05v13_zhuangyym/scanned/psle_result.jpg| VJC page]</ref>
 
All examination scripts are shipped to the Ministry of Education for processing, which then sends them to other teachers in Singapore on a random basis for marking. Part of this procedure is to prevent possible [[bias]] in marking, either intentional or unintentional, that may result when teachers mark examination scripts of students from their own schools. The multiple choice questions are graded by a machine in the Ministry of Education, which reads the OAS sheets.
 
Pupils who fail the PSLE would be retained in primary school to retake the PSLE in the EM3 stream the following year.
 
Pupils who pass are required to choose up to six secondary schools to which they would be posted by aggregate score. A [[computer]] will then allocate slots to each school's intake for the next year. In line with the ideals of [[meritocracy]], all pupils who attempted the PSLE would be "queued" in order of merit, with the places in schools being filled up from the highest scorer to the lowest scorer. Thus the pupil with a higher aggregate score would get into his school of second choice (if he was not accepted into his school of first choice) over a pupil with a lower aggregate score who chose the same school as the first choice. The score of the last pupil who was allocated is known as the ''cut-off score'' for the school for that year.
 
If none of the six schools chosen accept the pupil, the Ministry of Education will work towards finding a school that based on proximity and location, rather than academic excellence of the school, without consulting the student. This makes proper selection of the six choices important. Priority organisation of the choices is also important; if the pupil's score both meets the requirements of the school of his or her third choice and second choice for example, the second choice will be allocated without the pupil being able to change his or her decisions.
 
Before 2003, pupils picked their choices before they took the examination and received their score. From 2003, pupils picked their choices after they received their score, after complaints by parents they could not make informed choices about their children's secondary schools before the examination scores were received, as the pupils might perform much better or much worse than expected.


==History and past performance==
==History and past performance==
====The 2008/2009 PSLE Papers====
The Primary School Leaving Examination (PSLE) was modeled after the British eleven plus exam (11+) and was first conducted in 1960. Its predecessor was the Secondary School Entrance Examination (SSEE), which was conceived in 1952 when it was known as the Standard Six Entrance Examination up to 1954 and then as Secondary School Entrance Examination when the primary school classes were no longer named as Primary 1 and 2 and the standard 1 to 5 and started from Primary 1 to 6 instead. Promotion was to Form 2 in the secondary school instead of the previous Standard Six starting from January 1955, during the early days of self-government.<ref>[//www.academia.edu/4871828 "PSLE in Singapore: Primary School Leaving Examinations or Politics, Society, Legislation, and Education"]. Lim Gim Siong (28 October 2013). Retrieved 4 December 2017.</ref>
Though complaints were made about the 2007 PSLE Papers being "out of syllabus" and too challenging, this continued in the 2008 PSLE Paper. The difficult questions in the papers were to "filter" the average and below average students, as claimed by the Ministry of Education, as only those who are truly the best can get aggregate scores above 250.
In 2009, such things happened again, with plenty of students unable to finish the maths paper. An Maths Olympiad winner taking PSLE described the paper to be of "Olympiad standard". The entry scores for schools in 2009 dropped drastically. E.g.: HCI ([[Hwa Chong Institution]]) dropped 2 marks in entry score, from 259 to 257.


====Scoring====
Though complaints were made about the 2007 PSLE Papers being out of syllabus and too challenging, this continued in the 2008 PSLE Paper.<ref>"Exam grouses: Learn to cope and let's move on". The New Paper, Santokh Singh (13 October 2007).</ref>
The score is calculated based on a bell curve. For example, if many do well in a paper, there is a potential reduction of the raw score and vice versa. Despite differences in performances each year. For example, an average student would get a score of 210+ if he/she scored 3 low As and a high B. A highly proficient student would easily get a score of 250 and above if they scored 2 or 3 A*s and high As.


In each examination subject, a [[Standard_score|T-Score]] is computed based on the raw examination score as follows:
===Performance===
In 2005, 51,077 pupils sat for the examination, a 0.4% increase from the previous year. The majority (or roughly 97.8%) of the pupils qualified for secondary school. 62.2% of those who passed were eligible for the Special (Integrated Programme or The International Baccalaureate) or the Express stream (Either one for 4 years only) and the remaining 35.6% were eligible for either the Normal (Academic) or Normal (Technical) courses (Either one for 4 years). 1163 pupils (2.3%) of the cohort assessed were not ready for secondary school in 2006 or were more suited for vocational training.<ref>[//www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/data/pdfdoc/20061123996.pdf "Release of the 2006 Primary School Leaving Examination Results"].</ref>


:<math>T = 50 + 10 {x- \mu \over \sigma}</math>
39,286 students sat for the PSLE in 2015. The Ministry of Education (MOE) said that a total of 38,610 students (98.3 %) were eligible for secondary school. 66.2 % of the pupils qualified for the Express stream, 21.7 % for Normal (Academic), and 10.4 % qualified for Normal (Technical). The remaining 1.7% did not qualify for the three streams and were offered choices to retake the examination or to move on to specialised vocational schools.<ref>[//www.moe.gov.sg/news/press-releases/20151125-release-of-the-2015-primary-school-leaving-examination-results "Release of the 2015 Primary School Leaving Examination Results"]. Ministry of Education (25 November 2015).</ref>


where:
===Controversy on flaws in papers===
: ''T'' is the T-Score;
The 2005 mathematics paper for EM1 and EM2 students was flawed due to a question having no definite method of working the answer out. The "Question 13" was spotted by many and became infamous. The question was mathematically inconsistent in that one will get one set of answers when worked out one way and another set of answers when worked out by a different method. The Singapore Examinations and Assessment Board (SEAB) acknowledged the mistake a few days after the examination, annulling the question and awarding 2 marks to every student for the question.<ref>[//www.seab.gov.sg/content/pressReleases/SEAB_Press_Release_(11Oct2005)PSLE_Maths.pdf "SEAB Press Release"]. Retrieved 29 July 2019.</ref>
: ''x'' is the student's raw score;
: ''μ'' is the [[mean]] (i.e. average) raw score;
: ''σ'' is the [[standard deviation]] of raw scores.


By definition, then, the average T-Score in each subject is 50. Since there are four examination subjects, the average aggregate score is always 200.
=== Controversy on withholding of result slips ===
 
In 2019, public debate arose concerning the practice of withholding PSLE result slips from students for failing to pay school fees. This ensued after news claiming that a student was withheld her PSLE result slip, due to being unable to pay school fees, circulated widely on social media.<ref>[//sg.news.yahoo.com/moe-responds-to-viral-posts-regarding-students-psle-results-slip-181151854.html "MOE responds to viral posts on student's PSLE results slip"]. 28 November 2019.</ref> Subsequently, then Education Minister Ong Ye Kung asked for the Ministry of Education to re-evaluate the practice of withholding PSLE result slips from students due to unpaid school fees.<ref>[//www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/withholding-psle-results-slip-review-ong-ye-kung-12196424 "Practice of withholding results slips should be reviewed: Ong Ye Kung"]. Channel NewsAsia. Retrieved 19 December 2019.</ref>
====Performance====
In 2005, 51,087 pupils sat for the examination, a 0.4% increase from the previous year. The majority (or 97.8%) of the pupils qualified for secondary school. 62.2% of those who passed were eligible for the Special/Express course and the remaining 35.6% were eligible for either the Normal (Academic) or Normal (Technical) courses. 1133 pupils (2.2%) of the cohort assessed was not ready for secondary school in 2006 or are more suited for [[vocational training]].
 
====Controversy on flaws in papers====
The 2005 mathematics paper for EM1 and EM2 students was flawed due to a question having no definite method of working the answer out. The "Question 13" was spotted by many and became infamous. The question was mathematically inconsistent in that one will get one set of answers when worked out one way and another set of answers when worked out by a different method. The Singapore Examinations and Assessments Board acknowledged the mistake a few days after the exam, annulling the question and awarding 2 marks to every student for the question.<ref>[http://www.seab.gov.sg/publicCommunications/pressReleases/SEAB_Press_Release_(11Oct2005)PSLE_Maths.pdf| SEAB Press Release]</ref>


==Other methods of admission to secondary schools==
==Other methods of admission to secondary schools==
Students have the choice to go to other schools which does not use the posting system. Some of the top schools and the government schools have Direct School Admission. Some can go to other schools such as [[Singapore Sports School]], [[NUS High School of Mathematics and Science]] or [[School of the Arts, Singapore|School of the Arts]].
===Direct School Admission===
===Direct School Admission===
{{Main|Direct School Admission}}
Independent schools and autonomous schools can admit up to 20% and 10% of their students via the Direct School Admission scheme (DSA) respectively. Students apply through exercises conducted by the schools around July and August, receiving notice of the results shortly after. Schools offering the Integrated Programme (IP) can take in as many students as they want via DSA. Other schools have also been granted permission by the Ministry of Education to take in students specialising in the schools' niche areas up to a maximum of 5% of their total student intake.<ref>[http://www.moe.gov.sg/esp/schadm/dsa_sec/ "Direct School Admissions (Secondary) Exercise"]. Ministry of Education.</ref>
[[List of schools in Singapore#Independent schools|Independent schools]] and [[List of schools in Singapore#Autonomous schools|Autonomous schools]] can admit up to 20% and 10% of their students via the Direct School Admission scheme (abb. DSA) respectively. Students apply through exercises conducted by the schools around July and August, receiving notice of the results shortly after. Schools offering the [[Integrated Programme]] can take in as many students as they want via DSA. Other schools have also been granted permission by the Ministry to take in students specialising in the schools' niche areas up to a maximum of 5% of their total student intake.<ref>[http://www.moe.gov.sg/esp/schadm/dsa_sec/| Ministry of Education (Singapore) Page] Direct School Admissions (Secondary) Exercise</ref>
 
===International schools===
Since 2004, two international schools were given licenses to operate under the Ministry of Education's compulsory practices such as playing the [[Majulah Singapura|National Anthem]], and following the nation's bilingual policies, to allow Singaporean or Singapore Permanent Resident students to enter without the Ministry's permission. These schools were granted the permission in April 2004 and started the school year in January 2005. They are [[Anglo-Chinese School (International)]] and [[Hwa Chong International]]. Another school was granted the permission to set up a school similar to the original two in 2006, the school is [[SJI International]] which offers a similar programme to ACS (International).
 
===Singapore Sports School===
{{Main|Singapore Sports School}}
The Singapore Sports School is for students who are perceived by the school to excel in [[sport]]s it offers. This includes [[swimming (sport)|swimming]], [[badminton]], [[table tennis]], [[Association football|football or soccer]], [[golf]], [[track and field]] and [[sailing]]. It was opened in January 2004 and the school takes students directly into the school provided they have an active background in the sports offered by the school. When the school had its first intake, many students applied who were judged to excel in their sport but were posted to the Normal (Academic) or Normal (technical) streams. The school rejected these pupils as the school sought pupils who excelled both physically and academically. The school was criticised for being too result wise instead of grooming them into future sportsmen. Some of the students were finally accepted on an appeal basis after that. Students in the school aim for the [[IB Diploma Programme|International Baccalaureate (IB)]] paper as it is less strenuous in comparison to the A' Levels, allowing the students to focus on their sports, the Singapore Arts School follows similarly.


===NUS High School===
===NUS High School===
{{Main|NUS High School of Mathematics and Science}}
The NUS High School of Mathematics and Science opened in 2005 with an intake of 225 Secondary 1 and 3 students, offering a six-year programme leading to the NUS High Diploma. Students will also sit for Advanced Placement (AP) and Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) examinations in the senior years for benchmarks for admission into foreign universities. The school offers an accelerated mathematics and science curriculum based on a modular system, also offering languages, humanities, arts, and other elective subjects integrated into its modular system. Students are admitted based on several factors, performance in an application form, interviews, tests, and an admission camp.
The NUS High School of Mathematics and Science opened in 2005 with an intake of 225 Secondary 1 and 3 students, offering a six-year programme leading to the NUS High [[high school diploma|Diploma]]. Students will also sit for [[Advanced Placement]] and [[Scholastic Assessment Test]] examinations in the senior years for benchmarks for admission into foreign universities. The school offers an accelerated mathematics and science curriculum based on a modular system, also offering languages, humanities, arts, and other elective subjects integrated into its modular system. Students are admitted based on several factors, performance in an application form, interviews, tests, and an admission camp. 25 places out of the 170 places offered in 2007 are also reserved for Primary 6 students wishing to apply with their PSLE results.


===School of Science and Technology, Singapore===
===School of Science and Technology, Singapore===
{{Main|School of Science and Technology, Singapore}}
The School of Science and Technology (SST) is located at Technology Drive, which is about five minutes walk from {{EW22| }} station. There is also a bus stop outside the school campus.<ref>[//www.sst.edu.sg/ "Singapore School of Technology"]. Retrieved 28 July 2009.</ref>
The School of Science and Technology, Singapore (SST) opened its doors to its first batch of students at its holding site in 2009. The first batch of students will start their lessons in 2010 at the holding site, and at 2012, the permanent site will be ready. <ref name="sst">[http://www.sst.edu.sg/| Singapore School of Technology Page]</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
<references/>
*[http://schools.moe.edu.sg/gmps/PSLE%20Update/Changes%20to%20PSLE%20format.doc Geylang Methodist Primary School] ''Revised PSLE format for English language'' - July 2005, URL accessed 24 November 2005.
*[http://ourstory.asia1.com.sg/dream/edu/edu.html Our Story] ''Educating a nation'' - 1998, URL accessed 24 November 2005.
*[http://schools.moe.edu.sg/greenwood/parents_briefing/P4_parents_briefing.pps] "Welcome to P4 Parents' Briefing 2007" - March 2008, URL accessed March 20 [2008].
==External Links==
*[http://pslesingapore.com PSLE Singapore Exam Tips] Free resources to excel in PSLE exam
 
{{Education in Singapore topics}}
 
[[Category:Standardized tests]]
[[Category:Education in Singapore]]
 
[[zh:小學離校考試]]

Latest revision as of 20:59, 4 November 2024

The Primary School Leaving Examination (PSLE) is a national examination that is administered by Singapore Examination and Assessment Board (SEAB) on behalf of the Ministry of Education (MOE). It is taken by all Primary 6 students at the end of the year before they progress to secondary school. The examination test students' proficiency in the English language, their respective mother tongue languages (typically Chinese, Malay or Tamil), mathematics and science. Students have about two hours to complete each subject paper except for certain components of language subjects. Students answer multiple choice questions by shading their responses on a standardised optical answer sheet (OAS) that uses optical mark recognition to detect answers or by writing their workings and/or answers on the question booklet itself for certain sections of the paper.

The format of the PSLE and the presence of it in the education system gives it a part in national culture. PSLE material has also been exported to other countries. Some schools abroad, particularly in Southeast Asia, India and China, have their pupils sit the international version of the exam, the iPSLE, to provide a benchmark of their performance, compared to Singapore's standards.[1]

In March 2018, calls for the removal of the PSLE was rejected in parliament by then Education Minister (Schools) Ng Chee Meng, who cited it as a "useful checkpoint" in a child's education journey.[2] On 28 September 2018, Education Minister Ong Ye Kung reiterated his stance on keeping the PSLE while announcing that the ministry will remove several mid-year and year-end exams across the board from primary one up to secondary four with the aim of reducing assessments based on exam results and to encourage students to be an all rounder.[3]

Examination subjects[edit]

All Primary 6 students will usually take the following subjects:

  1. English Language
  2. Mathematics
  3. Science
  4. Mother Tongue
  5. Higher Mother Tongue (for higher ability students only)
  • Foundation subject may be taken in lieu of standard subject for lower ability students.

The following are the examination format and code published by Singapore Examination and Assessment Board.

Subject Code Subject Title
0001 [1] English
0005 [2] Chinese
0006 [3] Malay
0007 [4] Tamil
0008 [5] Mathematics
0009 [6] Science
0015 [7] Higher Chinese
0016 [8] Higher Malay
0017 [9] Higher Tamil
0025 [10] Foundation Chinese
0026 [11] Foundation Malay
0027 [12] Foundation Tamil
0031 [13] Foundation English
0038 [14] Foundation Mathematics
0039 [15] Foundation Science

Scoring[edit]

Standard Subject
Marks Range Grade
90 – 100 AL1
85 – 89 AL2
80 – 84 AL3
75 – 79 AL4
65 – 74 AL5
45 – 64 AL6
20 – 44 AL7
0 – 19 AL8
Foundation Subject
Marks Range Grade
75 – 100 A
30 – 74 B
0 – 29 C
Higher Mother Tongue
Marks Range Grade
80 – 100 DI (Distinction)
65 – 79 ME (Merit)
50 – 64 PA (Pass)
0 – 49 UG (Ungraded)

Grade Computation[edit]

The score will be taken by the summation of all 4 subjects (English, Mathematics, Science, Mother Tongue) based on their Achievement Level (AL1 = 1 points), with the lowest score reflecting a better result. As a result, the minimum score a student can obtain is 4 points and the maximum score is 32 points.

Grade Conversion[edit]

Foundation → Standard
Foundation Grade Standard Grade
A AL6
B AL7
C AL8
Higher Mother Tongue → Standard
There is no conversion as the grade will not be used to compute the final result.

Priority will be given during secondary school posting for students who scored well in their Higher Mother Tongue.

History and past performance[edit]

The Primary School Leaving Examination (PSLE) was modeled after the British eleven plus exam (11+) and was first conducted in 1960. Its predecessor was the Secondary School Entrance Examination (SSEE), which was conceived in 1952 when it was known as the Standard Six Entrance Examination up to 1954 and then as Secondary School Entrance Examination when the primary school classes were no longer named as Primary 1 and 2 and the standard 1 to 5 and started from Primary 1 to 6 instead. Promotion was to Form 2 in the secondary school instead of the previous Standard Six starting from January 1955, during the early days of self-government.[4]

Though complaints were made about the 2007 PSLE Papers being out of syllabus and too challenging, this continued in the 2008 PSLE Paper.[5]

Performance[edit]

In 2005, 51,077 pupils sat for the examination, a 0.4% increase from the previous year. The majority (or roughly 97.8%) of the pupils qualified for secondary school. 62.2% of those who passed were eligible for the Special (Integrated Programme or The International Baccalaureate) or the Express stream (Either one for 4 years only) and the remaining 35.6% were eligible for either the Normal (Academic) or Normal (Technical) courses (Either one for 4 years). 1163 pupils (2.3%) of the cohort assessed were not ready for secondary school in 2006 or were more suited for vocational training.[6]

39,286 students sat for the PSLE in 2015. The Ministry of Education (MOE) said that a total of 38,610 students (98.3 %) were eligible for secondary school. 66.2 % of the pupils qualified for the Express stream, 21.7 % for Normal (Academic), and 10.4 % qualified for Normal (Technical). The remaining 1.7% did not qualify for the three streams and were offered choices to retake the examination or to move on to specialised vocational schools.[7]

Controversy on flaws in papers[edit]

The 2005 mathematics paper for EM1 and EM2 students was flawed due to a question having no definite method of working the answer out. The "Question 13" was spotted by many and became infamous. The question was mathematically inconsistent in that one will get one set of answers when worked out one way and another set of answers when worked out by a different method. The Singapore Examinations and Assessment Board (SEAB) acknowledged the mistake a few days after the examination, annulling the question and awarding 2 marks to every student for the question.[8]

Controversy on withholding of result slips[edit]

In 2019, public debate arose concerning the practice of withholding PSLE result slips from students for failing to pay school fees. This ensued after news claiming that a student was withheld her PSLE result slip, due to being unable to pay school fees, circulated widely on social media.[9] Subsequently, then Education Minister Ong Ye Kung asked for the Ministry of Education to re-evaluate the practice of withholding PSLE result slips from students due to unpaid school fees.[10]

Other methods of admission to secondary schools[edit]

Direct School Admission[edit]

Independent schools and autonomous schools can admit up to 20% and 10% of their students via the Direct School Admission scheme (DSA) respectively. Students apply through exercises conducted by the schools around July and August, receiving notice of the results shortly after. Schools offering the Integrated Programme (IP) can take in as many students as they want via DSA. Other schools have also been granted permission by the Ministry of Education to take in students specialising in the schools' niche areas up to a maximum of 5% of their total student intake.[11]

NUS High School[edit]

The NUS High School of Mathematics and Science opened in 2005 with an intake of 225 Secondary 1 and 3 students, offering a six-year programme leading to the NUS High Diploma. Students will also sit for Advanced Placement (AP) and Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) examinations in the senior years for benchmarks for admission into foreign universities. The school offers an accelerated mathematics and science curriculum based on a modular system, also offering languages, humanities, arts, and other elective subjects integrated into its modular system. Students are admitted based on several factors, performance in an application form, interviews, tests, and an admission camp.

School of Science and Technology, Singapore[edit]

The School of Science and Technology (SST) is located at Technology Drive, which is about five minutes walk from EW22Dover station. There is also a bus stop outside the school campus.[12]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ "Primary School Leaving Examination" Retrieved 29 November 2016.
  2. ↑ "Parliament: Call for MOE to remove 'sacred cow' of PSLE". The Straits Times (6 March 2018). Retrieved 17 July 2018.
  3. ↑ "Fewer exams, assessments in schools to reduce emphasis on academic results: MOE". Channel NewsAsia. Retrieved 30 September 2018.
  4. ↑ "PSLE in Singapore: Primary School Leaving Examinations or Politics, Society, Legislation, and Education". Lim Gim Siong (28 October 2013). Retrieved 4 December 2017.
  5. ↑ "Exam grouses: Learn to cope and let's move on". The New Paper, Santokh Singh (13 October 2007).
  6. ↑ "Release of the 2006 Primary School Leaving Examination Results".
  7. ↑ "Release of the 2015 Primary School Leaving Examination Results". Ministry of Education (25 November 2015).
  8. ↑ "SEAB Press Release". Retrieved 29 July 2019.
  9. ↑ "MOE responds to viral posts on student's PSLE results slip". 28 November 2019.
  10. ↑ "Practice of withholding results slips should be reviewed: Ong Ye Kung". Channel NewsAsia. Retrieved 19 December 2019.
  11. ↑ "Direct School Admissions (Secondary) Exercise". Ministry of Education.
  12. ↑ "Singapore School of Technology". Retrieved 28 July 2009.
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