Difference between revisions of "Help:Editing"

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{{H:h|editor toc}}
Hello, New User!
  If you want to test out editing pages, please
  use the "Sandbox" for your tests.  To go to the
  sandbox, type "WP:SB" in the search box on the
  left, and hit "Go". Or click the link at the
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-->
{{stylehowto}}
{{shortcut|[[WP:HEP]]}}
:''See also  [[Help:Editing]], [[m:Help:Editing]] ''
[[Wikipedia]] is a [[Wiki|WikiWiki]], which means that anyone can easily edit any '''[[Wikipedia:Protected page|unprotected]]'''  [[Wikipedia:What is an article|article]] and have those changes posted immediately to that page. 


Editing a Wiki page is very easy. Simply click on the "'''Edit this page'''" tab at the top (or the edit link on the right or bottom) of a Wiki page. This will bring you to a page with a text box containing the editable text of that page. '''''If you want to experiment, please do so in our [[Wikipedia:sandbox|sandbox]], not here. You could open the [[Wikipedia:sandbox|sandbox]] in a separate window or tab to be able to see both this text and your tests in the sandbox.'''''
On a wiki, it is customary to allow readers to edit content and structure. This is a brief overview of the editing and contributing process. The editing table of contents to the right contains more information on editing functions.


Type away, write a short [[Wikipedia:Edit summary|edit summary]] on the small field below the edit-box.  You may use shorthand to describe your changes, as described in the [[Wikipedia:Edit summary legend|legend]], and when you've finished, press [[Wikipedia:Show preview|preview]] to see how your changes will look. Then press "Save".  Depending on your system, pressing "Enter" while the edit box is not active (when there is no typing cursor in it) may have the same effect as pressing the "Save" button. Also, please do not vandalize the information on Wikipedia.
== Editing basics ==
<!--It is intended to be brief, or as an overview. Otherwise why we separate the materials into different pages? Thus it's best
== NOT ==
to add new materials or expand here. Add more examples or expand in other areas like Wikitext examples. Thanks!-->
===Review policy and conventions===


You can also click on the "'''Discussion'''" tab (or the "'''Discuss this page'''" link) to see the corresponding [[Wikipedia:Talk page|talk page]], which contains comments about the page from other Wikipedia users. Click on the "'''+'''" tab (or "'''Edit this page'''") to add a comment.
:Make sure that you submit information which is relevant to the specific purpose of the wiki, or your content      might be deleted. You can always use the [[Help:Talk page|talk pages]] to ask questions or check to see if your idea will be accepted. Please make note of the license your contributions will be covered with.


==Common grammatical errors==
=== Start editing ===
See [[Wikipedia:Common grammatical errors]].
:To start editing a [[w:MediaWiki|MediaWiki]] page, click the '''Edit this page''' (or just '''edit''') link at one of its edges. This brings you to the edit page: a page with a text box containing the ''[[w:wikitext|wikitext]]'' – the editable code from which the server produces the finished page, and often called the '''edit box'''.
:''If you just want to experiment, please do so in the [[{{ns:4}}:Sandbox|sandbox]], not in the edit box''.


==More information on editing wiki pages==
===Type your changes===
:You can just type your text. However, also using basic wiki markup (described in the next section) to make links and do simple formatting adds to the value of your contribution. [[w:Wikimedia|Wikimedia]] wikis have style guidelines available. If you follow these, your contributions will be more valuable as they won't need to be cleaned up later.


This page is the reference for '''wiki markup'''. You may also want to learn about:
===Summarize your changes===
:Write a short [[Help:Edit summary|edit summary]] in the small field below the edit-box. You may use shorthand to describe your changes, as described in the [[w:Wikipedia:Edit summary legend|edit summary legend]].


* [[Help:Starting a new page|How to start a page]]  
===Preview before saving!===
* Informal tips on [[Wikipedia:Contributing to Wikipedia|contributing to Wikipedia]]
:When you have finished, click '''[[Help:Show preview|Show preview]]''' to see how your changes will look '''before''' you make them permanent.  Repeat the edit/preview process until you are satisfied, then click '''Save page''' and your changes will be immediately applied to the article. Sometimes it is helpful to save in between.
* Editing tasks in general at the [[Wikipedia:Editing FAQ]]
* Why not to rename pages '''boldly''', at [[Wikipedia:How to rename (move) a page]]
* Preferred layout of your article, at [[Wikipedia:Guide to Layout|Guide to Layout]] (see also [[Wikipedia:Boilerplate text]])
* Style conventions in the [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style]]
* An article with annotations pointing out common Wikipedia style and layout issues, at [[Wikipedia:Annotated article]]
* General policies in [[Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines]]
* [[Wikipedia:Naming conventions]] for how to name articles themselves
* If you are making an article about something that belongs to a group of objects (a city, an astronomical object, a chinese character...) check out if there is a [[Wikipedia:WikiProject|WikiProject]] on the group and try to follow its directions explicitly.
* Finally, for a list of  articles about editing Wikipedia consult [[Wikipedia:Style and How-to Directory]] or [[Wikipedia:Utilities]]


== Tips on editing Wikipedia articles ==
==Most frequent wiki markup explained==
<!--It is intended to be brief, or as an overview. Otherwise why we separate the materials into different pages? Thus it's best NOT to add new materials or expand here. Add more examples or expand in other areas like Wikitext examples. Thanks!-->
Here are the most frequently used types of wiki markup. If you need more help see [[Help:Wikitext examples|Wikitext examples]].


Please use a [[Neutral point of view|neutral point of view]], as Wikipedia is not a place to promote points of view.
<br clear="right" />
 
{| class="wikitable"
Please [[Wikipedia:Cite your sources|cite your sources]] so others can check and extend your work. Most Wikipedia articles currently lack good references.  This contributes to Wikipedia's single greatest criticism that it is not a reliable source.  Please help by researching, preferably online ''and'' in print resources to find the best references available for the article you are working on.  Then cite them in proper form, and consider inline citation for contentious facts.  There is no consensus on the best way to do that, but anything is better than nothing.  You can either use inline citation in academic form such as (Example, 2004, pp 22-23) or as a superscript<sup>[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check|1]]</sup> to a footnote that you place at the end of an article.
! style="width: 50%" | What it looks like
 
! style="width: 50%" | What you type
It is often more convenient to copy and paste the text first into your
favorite [[text editor]], edit and spell check there, and then paste back
into the browser to [[Wikipedia:Show preview|preview]]. This way, you can also keep a local backup copy of the pages you authored so that you can make changes offline. Some text editors can be specially adapted to edit Wikipedia articles: see [[Wikipedia:syntax highlighting]].
 
If during editing you want to see the current version again, open "Cancel" in a new window.  This does not cancel your edit.
 
After making a new page, it's a good idea to
*With your page displayed, use ''What links here'' to check the articles that already link to it, and make sure that they are all expecting the same meaning that you have supplied;
*Use the Search button to launch a Google search of Wikipedia for your topic title (and possibly variants), to find articles that mention it, and make links from them if appropriate;
*Check for corresponding articles in the Wikipedias of other languages that you can read.
 
== Minor edits ==
''See also [[Wikipedia:Minor edit]]''
 
When editing a page, a [[Wikipedia:How to log in|logged-in]] user can mark that edit as "minor". Minor edits generally mean spelling corrections, formatting, and minor rearranging of text. It is possible to ''hide'' minor edits when viewing [[Wikipedia:Recent Changes]]. Marking a significant change as a minor edit is considered bad behavior, and even more so if it involves the deletion of some text. If one has accidentally marked an edit as minor, the person should edit the source once more, mark it major (or, rather, ensure that the check-box for "This is a minor edit" is not checked), and, in the summary, state that the previous change was a major one.
 
== The wiki markup ==
In the left column of the table below, you can see what effects are possible. In the right column, you can see how those effects were achieved. In other words, to make text look like it looks in the left column, type it in the format you see in the right column.
 
You may want to keep this page open in a separate browser window for reference. If you want to try out things without danger of doing any harm, you can do so '''in the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|Sandbox]]'''.
 
----
<!--
:'''The rest of this page is deprecated but will be updated periodically.'''
:'''Please direct edits to the [[meta:MediaWiki User's Guide: Editing overview|Meta-Wikimedia version of this page]]'''
 
-->
=== Sections, paragraphs, lists and lines ===
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
|-
|-
! What it looks like
! What you type
|- valign="top"
|
|
Start your [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style (headings)|sections]] as follows:
You can ''italicize text'' by putting 2
apostrophes on each side.


<!-- The following code messes up the table of contents
3 apostrophes will embolden '''the text'''.
    and makes the section edit links much less useful,
    so please do not use it.
==New section==
===Subsection===
====Sub-subsection====
-->
<!-- The following should look almost the same, using
    HTML headings markup instead of wiki headings.
    However, it messes up the section edit links,
    so please do not use it.
<h2>New section</h2>
<h3>Subsection</h3>
<h4>Sub-subsection</h4>
-->
<!-- The following just uses bolding and font changes,
    so it should be safe.  However, it might not
    look exactly right, especially when people
    use non-standard CSS stylesheets.
-->
'''<font style="font-size:120%">New section</font>'''


'''<font style="font-size:110%">Subsection</font>'''
5 apostrophes will embolden and italicize
'''''the text'''''.


'''<font style="font-size:100%">Sub-subsection</font>'''
(4 apostrophes don't do anything special -- there's just ''''one left over''''.)
|<pre>
You can ''italicize text'' by putting 2
apostrophes on each side.


* Start with a second-level heading (<tt><nowiki>==</nowiki></tt>); do not use first-level headings (=).
3 apostrophes will embolden '''the text'''.  
* Do not skip levels (e.g., second-level followed by fourth-level).
* A [[#Placement_of_the_Table_of_Contents_.28TOC.29|Table of Contents]] will automatically be added to an article that has four or more sections.  
|
<pre><nowiki>
==New section==


===Subsection===
5 apostrophes will embolden and italicize
'''''the text'''''.


====Sub-subsection====
(4 apostrophes don't do anything
</nowiki></pre>
special -- there's just ''''one left
|- valign="top"
over''''.)
|
</pre>
A single [[newline]]
|-
generally has no effect on the layout.
These can be used to separate
sentences within a paragraph.
Some editors find that this aids editing
and improves the function ''diff''
(used internally to compare
different versions of a page).
 
But an empty line
starts a new paragraph.
 
* When used in a list, a newline ''does'' affect the layout ([[#lists|see below]]).
|
<pre><nowiki>
A single [[newline]]
generally has no effect on the layout.
These can be used to separate
sentences within a paragraph.
Some editors find that this aids editing
and improves the function ''diff''
(used internally to compare
different versions of a page).
 
But an empty line
starts a new paragraph.
</nowiki></pre>
|- valign="top"
|
You can break lines<br>
without starting a new paragraph.
 
* Please use this sparingly.
* Close markup between lines, don't start a [[link]] or ''italics'' or '''bold''' on one line and close it on the next.
|
<pre><nowiki>
You can break lines<br>
without starting a new paragraph.
</nowiki></pre>
|- id="lists" valign="top"
|
* Lists are easy to do:
** Start every line with a star.
*** More stars means deeper levels.
**** A newline in a list
marks the end of a list item.
 
* An empty line starts a new list.
|
<pre><nowiki>
* Lists are easy to do:
** Start every line with a star.
*** More stars means deeper levels.
**** A newline in a list
marks the end of a list item.
 
* An empty line starts a new list.
</nowiki></pre>
|- valign="top"
|
# Numbered lists are also good
## very organized
## easy to follow
### easier still
|
<pre><nowiki>
# Numbered lists are also good
## very organized
## easy to follow
### easier still
</nowiki></pre>
|- valign="top"
|
* You can even do mixed lists
*# and nest them
*#* like this
|
<pre><nowiki>
* You can even do mixed lists
*# and nest them
*#* like this
</nowiki></pre>
|- valign="top"
|
; Definition list : list of definitions
; item : the item's definition
; another item
: the other item's definition
 
* One item per line; a newline can appear before the colon, but using a space before the colon improves parsing.
|
<pre><nowiki>
; Definition list : list of definitions
; item : the item's definition
; another item
: the other item's definition
</nowiki></pre>
|- valign="top"
|
: A colon indents a line or paragraph.
A manual newline starts a new paragraph.
 
* This is primarily for displayed material, but is also used for discussion on [[Wikipedia:Talk page|Talk page]]s.
|
<pre><nowiki>
: A colon indents a line or paragraph.
A manual newline starts a new paragraph.
</nowiki></pre>
|- valign=top
|
IF a line starts with a space THEN
it will be formatted exactly
as typed;
in a fixed-width font;
lines won't wrap;
ENDIF
 
*This is useful for:
** pasting preformatted text;
** algorithm descriptions;
** program source code;
** [[ASCII art]];
** chemical structures;
* '''WARNING''': If you make it wide, you [[page widening|force the whole page to be wide]] and hence less readable, especially for people who use lower resolutions. Never start ordinary lines with spaces.
|
|
<pre><nowiki>
You should "sign" your comments on talk pages: <br />
IF a line starts with a space THEN
- Three tildes give your user name: [[User:Example|Example]] <br />
it will be formatted exactly
- Four tildes give your user name plus date/time: [[User:Example|Example]] 07:46, 27 November 2005 (UTC) <br />
as typed;
- Five tildes give the date/time alone: 07:46, 27 November 2005 (UTC) <br />
in a fixed-width font;
|<pre>
lines won't wrap;
You should "sign" your comments
ENDIF
on talk pages: <br />
</nowiki></pre>
- Three tildes give your user
|- valign="top"
name: ~~~ <br />
|
- Four tildes give your user
<center>Centered text.</center>
name plus date/time: ~~~~ <br />
 
- Five tildes give the
* Note the American spelling of "center" (not "centre").
date/time alone: ~~~~~ <br />
|
</pre>
<pre><nowiki>
<center>Centered text.</center>
</nowiki></pre>
|- valign="top"
|
A [[horizontal dividing line]]:
this is above it
----
and this is below it.
 
* Mainly useful for separating threads on Talk pages.
* Also used to [[Wikipedia:Disambiguation|disambiguate]] within an article without creating a separate page.
|
<pre><nowiki>
A [[horizontal dividing line]]:
this is above it
----
and this is below it.
</nowiki></pre>
|}
 
=== Links and URLs ===
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
|-
|-
! What it looks like
! What you type
|- valign="top"
|
|
London has [[public transport]].
<div style="font-size:150%;border-bottom:1px solid rgb(170,170,170);">Section headings</div>


* A link to another Wikipedia article.
''Headings'' organize your writing into sections.
* Internally, the first letter of the target page is automatically capitalized and spaces are represented as underscores (typing an underscore in the link has the same effect as typing a space, but is not recommended).
The Wiki software can automatically generate
* Thus the link above is to the [[URL]] http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_transport, which is the Wikipedia article with the name "Public transport". See also [[Wikipedia:Canonicalization]].
a [[Help:table of contents|table of contents]] from them.
|
<pre><nowiki>
London has [[public transport]].
</nowiki></pre>
|- valign="top"
|
San Francisco also has
[[public transport|public transportation]].


* Same target, different name.
<div style="font-size:132%;font-weight:bold;">Subsection</div>
* This is a [[piped link]].
Using more equals signs creates a subsection.
|
<pre><nowiki>
San Francisco also has
[[public transport|public transportation]].
</nowiki></pre>
|- valign="top"
|
San Francisco also has
[[public transport]]ation.


Examples include [[bus]]es, [[taxi]]s
<div style="font-size:116%;font-weight:bold;">A smaller subsection</div>
and [[streetcar]]s.


* Endings are blended into the link.
Don't skip levels, like from two to four equals signs.
* Preferred style is to use this instead of a piped link, if possible.
|
<pre><nowiki>
San Francisco also has
[[public transport]]ation.


Examples include [[bus]]es, [[taxi]]s
Start with 2 equals signs not 1 because 1 creates H1 tags which should be reserved for page title.
and [[streetcar]]s.
|<pre>
</nowiki></pre>
== Section headings ==
|- valign="top"
|
See the [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style]].


* A link to another [[Wikipedia:namespace|namespace]].
''Headings'' organize your writing into sections.
|
The Wiki software can automatically generate
<pre><nowiki>
a table of contents from them.
See the [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style]].
</nowiki></pre>
|- id="link-to-section" valign="top"
|
[[Economics#See also]] is a link
to a section within another page.


[[#Links and URLs]] is a link
=== Subsection ===
to a section on the current page.


[[#example]] is a link to an
Using more equals signs creates a subsection.
anchor that was created using
<div id="example">an id attribute</div>


* The part after the number sign (#) must match a section heading on the page, or an identifier created in some other way.  Matches must be exact in terms of spelling, case and punctuation.  Links to non-existent sections aren't broken; they are treated as links to the top of the page.
==== A smaller subsection ====
* Identifiers may be created by attaching an <code>id="..."></code> attribute to almost any HTML element.
|
<pre><nowiki>
[[Economics#See also]] is a link
to a section within another page.


[[#Links and URLs]] is a link
Don't skip levels,
to a section on the current page.
like from two to four equals signs.


[[#example]] is a link to an
Start with 2 equals signs not 1
anchor that was created using
because 1 creates H1 tags
<div id="example">an id attribute</div>
which should be reserved for page title.
</nowiki></pre>
</pre>
|- valign="top"
|- id="lists"
|
|
Automatically hide stuff in parentheses:
* ''Unordered [[Help:List|list]]s'' are easy to do:
[[kingdom (biology)|kingdom]].
** Start every line with a star.
 
*** More stars indicate a deeper level.
Automatically hide namespace:
*: Previous item continues.
[[Wikipedia:Village Pump|Village Pump]].  
** A new line
 
* in a list 
Or both:
marks the end of the list.
[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style (headings)|Manual of Style]]
*Of course you can start again.
 
|<pre>
But not:
* ''Unordered lists'' are easy to do:
[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Links|]]
** Start every line with a star.
 
*** More stars indicate a deeper level.
* The server fills in the part after the pipe character (|) when you save the page. The next time you open the edit box you will see the expanded piped link. When [[Wikipedia:Show preview|preview]]ing your edits, you will not see the expanded form until you press '''Save''' and '''Edit''' again. The same applies to links to sections within the same page ([[#link-to-section|see previous entry]]).
*: Previous item continues.
** A new line
* in a list 
marks the end of the list.
* Of course you can start again.
</pre>
|-
|
|
<pre><nowiki>
# ''Numbered lists'' are:
Automatically hide stuff in parentheses:
## Very organized
[[kingdom (biology)|]].
## Easy to follow
A new line marks the end of the list.
# New numbering starts with 1.


Automatically hide namespace:
|<pre>
[[Wikipedia:Village Pump|]].
# ''Numbered lists'' are:
 
## Very organized
Or both:
## Easy to follow
[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style (headings)|]]
A new line marks the end of the list.
 
# New numbering starts with 1.
But not:
</pre>
[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Links|]]
|-
</nowiki></pre>
|- valign="top"
|
|
[[The weather in London]] is a page
: A colon (:) indents a line or paragraph.
that doesn't exist yet.
A newline starts a new paragraph. <br>
Often used for discussion on [[talk pages]].
: We use 1 colon to indent once.
:: We use 2 colons to indent twice.
::: 3 colons to indent 3 times, and so on.
|<pre>
: A colon (:) indents a line or paragraph.
A newline starts a new paragraph. <br>
Often used for discussion on talk pages.
: We use 1 colon to indent once.
:: We use 2 colons to indent twice.
::: 3 colons to indent 3 times, and so on.
</pre>


* You can create it by clicking on the link (but please don't do so with this particular link).
* To create a new page:
*# Create a link to it on some other (related) page.
*# Save that page.
*# Click on the link you just made. The new page will open for editing.
* For more information, see [[Wikipedia:How to start a page|How to start a page]] and check out Wikipedia's [[Wikipedia:Naming conventions|naming conventions]].
* Please do not create a new article without linking to it from at least one other article.
|
<pre><nowiki>
[[The weather in London]] is a page
that doesn't exist yet.
</nowiki></pre>
|- valign="top"
|
[[Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] is this page.


* [[Self link]]s appear as bold text when the article is viewed.
|-
* Do not use this technique to make the article name bold in the first paragraph; see the [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Article names|Manual of Style]].
|
|
<pre><nowiki>
Here's a link to the [[Main page]].
[[Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] is this page.
|<pre>
</nowiki></pre>
Here's a link to the [[Main page]].
|- valign="top"
</pre>
|
When adding a comment to a Talk page,
you should sign it by adding
three tildes to add your user name:
: [[User:Brockert|Ben Brockert]]
or four to add user name plus date/time:
: [[User:Brockert|Ben Brockert]] 00:18, Nov 19, 2004 (UTC)
Five tildes gives the date/time alone:
: 00:18, Nov 19, 2004 (UTC)
 
* The first two both provide a link to your [[Wikipedia:user page|user page]].
|
<pre><nowiki>
When adding a comment to a Talk page,
you should sign it by adding
three tildes to add your user name:
: ~~~
or four for user name plus date/time:
: ~~~~
Five tildes gives the date/time alone:
: ~~~~~
</nowiki></pre>
|- valign="top"
|
* [[Wikipedia:Redirect|Redirect]] one article title to another by placing a directive like the one shown to the right on the ''first'' line of the article (such as at a page titled "[[USA]]").
* Note that, while it is possible to link to a section, it is not possible to redirect to a section. For example, "<nowiki>#REDIRECT [[United States#History]]</nowiki>" will redirect to the [[United States]] page, but not to any particular section on it. This feature '''will not''' be implemented in the future, so such redirects should not be used.
|
<pre><nowiki>
#REDIRECT [[United States]]
</nowiki></pre>
|- valign="top"
|
* Link to a page on the same subject in another language by using a link of the form: <nowiki>[[language code:Title]]</nowiki>.
* It does not matter where you put these links while editing as they will always show up in the same place when you save the page, but placement at the end of the edit box is recommended.
* Please see [[Wikipedia:Interlanguage links]] and the [[Wikipedia:Complete list of language wikis available|list of languages and codes]].
|
<pre><nowiki>
[[fr:Wikipédia:Aide]]
</nowiki></pre>
|- valign="top"
|
'''What links here''' and '''Related changes'''
pages can be linked as:
[[Special:Whatlinkshere/Wikipedia:How to edit a page]]
and
[[Special:Recentchangeslinked/Wikipedia:How to edit a page]]
 
|
<pre><nowiki>
'''What links here''' and '''Related changes'''
pages can be linked as:
[[Special:Whatlinkshere/Wikipedia:How to edit a page]]
and
[[Special:Recentchangeslinked/Wikipedia:How to edit a page]]
</nowiki></pre>
|- valign="top"
|
A user's '''Contributions''' page can be linked as:
[[Special:Contributions/UserName]]
or
[[Special:Contributions/192.0.2.0]]
|
<pre><nowiki>
A user's '''Contributions''' page can be linked as:
[[Special:Contributions/UserName]]
or
[[Special:Contributions/192.0.2.0]]
</nowiki></pre>
|- valign="top"
|
* To put an article in a [[Wikipedia:Category]], place a link like the one to the right anywhere in the article. As with interlanguage links, it does not matter where you put these links while editing as they will always show up in the same place when you save the page, but placement at the end of the edit box is recommended.
|
<pre><nowiki>
[[Category:Character sets]]
</nowiki></pre>
|- valign="top"
|
* To ''link'' to a [[Wikipedia:Category]] page without putting the article into the category, use an initial colon (:) in the link.
|
<pre><nowiki>
[[:Category:Character sets]]
</nowiki></pre>
|- id="link-external" valign="top"
|
Three ways to link to external (non-wiki) sources:
# Bare URL: http://www.nupedia.com/ (bad style)
# Unnamed link: [http://www.nupedia.com/] (bad style)
# Named link: [http://www.nupedia.com Nupedia]
 
:See [[MetaWikiPedia:Interwiki_map]] for the list of shortcuts.
 
* Square brackets indicate an external link. Note the use of a ''space'' (not a pipe) to separate the URL from the link text in the "named" version.
* In the [[URL]], all symbols must be among:<br/>'''A-Z a-z 0-9 . _ \ / ~ % - + &amp; # ? ! = ( ) @ \x80-\xFF'''
* If a URL contains a character not in this list, it should be encoded by using a percent sign (%) followed by the [[hexadecimal|hex]] code of the character, which can be found in the table of [[ASCII#ASCII printable characters|ASCII printable characters]]. For example, the caret character (^) would be encoded in a URL as '''%5E'''.
* See [[Wikipedia:External links]] for style issues.
|
<pre><nowiki>
Three ways to link to external (non-wiki) sources:
# Bare URL: http://www.nupedia.com/
# Unnamed link: [http://www.nupedia.com/]
# Named link: [http://www.nupedia.com Nupedia]
</nowiki></pre>
|- valign="top"
|
Linking to other wikis:
# [[Interwiki]] link: [[Wiktionary:Hello]]
# Named interwiki link: [[Wiktionary:Hello|Hello]]
# Interwiki link without prefix: [[Wiktionary:Hello|Hello]]
 
* All of these forms lead to the URL http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Hello
* Note that interwiki links use the ''internal'' link style.
* See [[MetaWikiPedia:Interwiki_map]] for the list of shortcuts; if the site you want to link to isn't on the list, use an external link ([[#link-external|see above]]).
* See also [[Wikipedia:How to link to Wikimedia projects]].
 
Linking to another language's wiktionary:
# [[Wiktionary:fr:Bonjour]]
# [[Wiktionary:fr:Bonjour|Bonjour]]
# [[Wiktionary:fr:Bonjour|fr:Bonjour]]
 
* All of these forms lead to the URL http://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/Bonjour
|
<pre><nowiki>
Linking to other wikis:
# [[Interwiki]] link: [[Wiktionary:Hello]]
# Named interwiki link: [[Wiktionary:Hello|Hello]]
# Interwiki link without prefix: [[Wiktionary:Hello|]]
 
Linking to another language's wiktionary:
# [[Wiktionary:fr:Bonjour]]
# [[Wiktionary:fr:Bonjour|Bonjour]]
# [[Wiktionary:fr:Bonjour|]]
</nowiki></pre>
|- valign="top"
|
ISBN 012345678X
 
ISBN 0-123-45678-X
 
* Link to books using their [[Wikipedia:ISBN|ISBN]] numbers. This is preferred to linking to a specific online bookstore, because it gives the reader a choice of vendors.
* ISBN links do not need any extra markup, provided you use one of the indicated formats.
|
<pre><nowiki>
ISBN 012345678X
 
ISBN 0-123-45678-X
</nowiki></pre>
|- valign=top
|
Date formats:
# [[July 20]], [[1969]]
# [[20 July]] [[1969]]
# [[1969]]-[[07-20]]
 
* Link dates in one of the above formats, so that everyone can set their own display order. If [[Special:Userlogin|logged in]], you can use [[Special:Preferences]] to change your own date display setting.
* All of the above dates will appear as "[[20 July|20 July]] [[1969|1969]]" if you set your date display preference to "15 January 2001", but as "[[20 July|July 20]], [[1969|1969]]" if you set it to "January 15, 2001".
|
<pre><nowiki>
Date formats:
# [[July 20]], [[1969]]
# [[20 July]] [[1969]]
# [[1969]]-[[07-20]]
</nowiki></pre>
|- valign="top"
|
[[media:Sg_mrob.ogg|Sound]]
 
*To include links to non-image uploads such as sounds, use a "media" link. For images, [[#Images|see next section]].
 
Some uploaded sounds are listed at [[Wikipedia:Sound]].
|
<pre><nowiki>
[[media:Sg_mrob.ogg|Sound]]
</nowiki></pre>
|}
 
=== Images ===
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
|-
! What it looks like
! What you type
|- valign="top"
| A picture: [[Image:Wiki.png]]
 
or, with alternative text:
[[Image:Wiki.png|jigsaw globe]]
 
or, floating to the right side of the page and with a caption:
[[Image:Wiki.png|frame|Wikipedia Encyclopedia]]<br clear=all>
 
or, floating to the right side of the page ''without'' a caption:
[[Image:Wiki.png|right|Wikipedia Encyclopedia]]<br clear=all>
 
* Only images that have been uploaded to Wikipedia can be used. To upload images, use the [[Special:Upload|upload page]]. You can find the uploaded image on the [[Special:Imagelist|image list]].
* See the [[Wikipedia:Image use policy|image use policy]], [[Wikipedia:Image markup|extended image markup/syntax]] (also possibly [[Wikipedia:Image markup with HTML|image HTML markup]]) for more hints.
* Alternative text, used when the image isn't loaded, in a text-only browser, or when spoken aloud, is '''strongly''' encouraged. See [[Wikipedia:Alternate text for images|Alternate text for images]] for help on choosing it.
* The frame tag automatically floats the image right.
| <pre><nowiki>
A picture: [[Image:Wiki.png]]</nowiki>
 
or, with alternative text:
<nowiki>[[Image:Wiki.png|jigsaw globe]]</nowiki>
 
or, floating to the right side of the page and with a caption:
<nowiki>[[Image:Wiki.png|frame|Wikipedia Encyclopedia]]</nowiki>
 
or, floating to the right side of the page ''without'' a caption:
<nowiki>[[Image:Wiki.png|right|Wikipedia Encyclopedia]]</nowiki></pre>
|-
|-
|
|
Clicking on an uploaded image displays a description page, which you can also link directly to: [[:Image:Wiki.png]]
[[The weather in London]] is a page that doesn't exist
| <pre><nowiki>
yet. You could create it by clicking on the link.
 
|<pre>
[[:Image:Wiki.png]]
[[The weather in London]] is
</nowiki></pre>
a page that doesn't exist
yet. You could create it by
clicking on the link.
</pre>
|-
|-
|
|
To include links to images shown as links instead of drawn on the page, use a "media" link.
You can link to a page section by its title:
 
<br/>[[media:Tornado.jpg|Image of a Tornado]]
|
<pre>
<nowiki>
 
[[media:Tornado.jpg|Image of a Tornado]]
 
</nowiki></pre>
|}
 
=== Character formatting ===
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
|- valign="top"
! What it looks like
! What you type
|- id="emph" valign="top"
|
''Emphasize'', '''strongly''', '''''very strongly'''''.
* These are double and triple apostrophes (single-quote marks), not double-quote marks.
|
<pre><nowiki>
''Emphasize'', '''strongly''', '''''very strongly'''''.
</nowiki></pre>
|- valign="top"
|
<math>\sin x + \ln y</math><br>
sin''x'' + ln''y''
<!-- no space between roman "sin" and italic "x" -->
 
<math>\mathbf{x} = 0</math><br>
'''x''' = 0
 
Ordinary text should use [[#emph|wiki markup for emphasis]], and should not use <code>&lt;i&gt;</code> or <code>&lt;b&gt;</code>.  However, mathematical formulas often use italics, and sometimes use bold, for reasons unrelated to emphasis.  Complex formulas should use [[m:Help:Formula|<code>&lt;math&gt;</code> markup]], and simple formulas may use <code>&lt;math&gt;</code>; or <code>&lt;i&gt;</code> and <code>&lt;b&gt;</code>; or <code><nowiki>''</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>'''</nowiki></code>.  According to [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Mathematics#Italicization and bolding|WikiProject Mathematics]], wiki markup is preferred over HTML markup like <code>&lt;i&gt;</code> and <code>&lt;b&gt;</code>.
|
<pre><nowiki>
<math>\sin x + \ln y</math>
sin''x'' + ln''y''
 
<math>\mathbf{x} = 0</math>
'''x''' = 0
</nowiki></pre>
|- valign="top"
|
A typewriter font for <tt>monospace text</tt>
or for computer code: <code>int main()</code>
 
* For semantic reasons, using <code>&lt;code&gt;</code> where applicable is preferable to using <code>&lt;tt&gt;</code>.
|
<pre><nowiki>
A typewriter font for <tt>monospace text</tt>
or for computer code: <code>int main()</code>
</nowiki></pre>
|- valign="top"
|
You can use <small>small text</small> for captions.
|
<pre><nowiki>
You can use <small>small text</small> for captions.
</nowiki></pre>
|- valign="top"
|
You can <s>strike out deleted material</s>
and <u>underline new material</u>.
 
You can also mark <del>deleted material</del> and
<ins>inserted material</ins> using logical markup
rather than visual markup.
 
* When editing regular Wikipedia articles, just make your changes and don't mark them up in any special way.
* When editing your own previous remarks in talk pages, it is sometimes appropriate to mark up deleted or inserted material.
|
<pre><nowiki>
You can <s>strike out deleted material</s>
and <u>underline new material</u>.
 
You can also mark <del>deleted material</del> and
<ins>inserted material</ins> using logical markup
rather than visual markup.
</nowiki></pre>
|- valign="top"
|
'''Diacritical marks:'''
<br/>
è é ê ë ì í
 
À Á Â Ã Ä Å <br/>
Æ Ç È É Ê Ë <br/>
Ì Í
Î Ï Ñ Ò <br/>
Ó Ô Õ
Ö Ø Ù <br/>
Ú Û Ü ß
à á <br/>
â ã ä å æ
ç <br/>
è é ê ë ì í<br/>
î ï ñ ò ó ô <br/>
&oelig; õ
ö ø ù ú <br/>
û ü ÿ
 
* See [[meta:Help:Special characters|special characters]].
|
<br/>
<pre><nowiki>
è é ê ë ì í
 
&amp;Agrave; &amp;Aacute; &amp;Acirc; &amp;Atilde; &amp;Auml; &amp;Aring;
&amp;AElig; &amp;Ccedil; &amp;Egrave; &amp;Eacute; &amp;Ecirc; &amp;Euml;
&amp;Igrave; &amp;Iacute; &amp;Icirc; &amp;Iuml; &amp;Ntilde; &amp;Ograve;
&amp;Oacute; &amp;Ocirc; &amp;Otilde; &amp;Ouml; &amp;Oslash; &amp;Ugrave;
&amp;Uacute; &amp;Ucirc; &amp;Uuml; &amp;szlig; &amp;agrave; &amp;aacute;
&amp;acirc; &amp;atilde; &amp;auml; &amp;aring; &amp;aelig; &amp;ccedil;
&amp;egrave; &amp;eacute; &amp;ecirc; &amp;euml; &amp;igrave; &amp;iacute;
&amp;icirc; &amp;iuml; &amp;ntilde; &amp;ograve; &amp;oacute; &amp;ocirc;
&amp;oelig; &amp;otilde; &amp;ouml; &amp;oslash; &amp;ugrave; &amp;uacute;
&amp;ucirc; &amp;uuml; &amp;yuml;
</nowiki></pre>
|- valign="top"
|
'''Punctuation:'''
<br/>
¿ ¡ § ¶<br/>
&dagger; &Dagger; &bull; &ndash; &mdash;<br/>
&lsaquo; &rsaquo; « »<br/>
&lsquo; &rsquo; &ldquo; &rdquo;
|
<br/>
<pre><nowiki>
&amp;iquest; &amp;iexcl; &amp;sect; &amp;para;
&amp;dagger; &amp;Dagger; &amp;bull; &amp;ndash; &amp;mdash;
&amp;lsaquo; &amp;rsaquo; &amp;laquo; &amp;raquo;
&amp;lsquo; &amp;rsquo; &amp;ldquo; &amp;rdquo;
</nowiki></pre>
|- valign="top"
|
'''Commercial symbols:'''
<br/>
&trade; © ® ¢ &euro; ¥<br/>
£ ¤
|
<br/>
<pre><nowiki>
&amp;trade; &amp;copy; &amp;reg; &amp;cent; &amp;euro; &amp;yen;
&amp;pound; &amp;curren;
</nowiki></pre>
|- valign="top"
|
'''Subscripts:'''
<br/>
x<sub>1</sub> x<sub>2</sub> x<sub>3</sub> or
<br/>
x&#8320; x&#8321; x&#8322; x&#8323; x&#8324;
<br/>
x&#8325; x&#8326; x&#8327; x&#8328; x&#8329;
 
'''Superscripts:'''
<br/>
x<sup>1</sup> x<sup>2</sup> x<sup>3</sup> or
<br/>
x&#8304; x&sup1; x&sup2; x&sup3; x&#8308;
<br/>
x&#8309; x&#8310; x&#8311; x&#8312; x&#8313;
 
*The latter methods of sub/superscripting can't be used in the most general context, as they rely on Unicode support which may not be present on all users' machines. For the 1-2-3 superscripts, it is nevertheless preferred when possible (as with units of measurement) because most browsers have an easier time formatting lines with it.
 
&epsilon;<sub>0</sub> =
8.85 &times; 10<sup>&minus;12</sup>
C&sup2; / J m.
 
1 [[hectare]] = [[1 E4 m&sup2;]]
|
<br/>
<pre><nowiki>
x<sub>1</sub> x<sub>2</sub> x<sub>3</sub> or
<br/>
x&amp;#8320; x&amp;#8321; x&amp;#8322; x&amp;#8323; x&amp;#8324;
<br/>
x&amp;#8325; x&amp;#8326; x&amp;#8327; x&amp;#8328; x&amp;#8329;
</nowiki></pre>
 
<pre><nowiki>
x<sup>1</sup> x<sup>2</sup> x<sup>3</sup> or
<br/>
x&amp;#8304; x&amp;sup1; x&amp;sup2; x&amp;sup3; x&amp;#8308;
<br/>
x&amp;#8309; x&amp;#8310; x&amp;#8311; x&amp;#8312; x&amp;#8313;
 
&amp;epsilon;<sub>0</sub> =
8.85 &amp;times; 10<sup>&amp;minus;12</sup>
C&amp;sup2; / J m.
 
1 [[hectare]] = [[1 E4 m&amp;sup2;]]
</nowiki></pre>
|- valign="top"
|
'''Greek characters:'''
<br/>
&alpha; &beta; &gamma; &delta; &epsilon; &zeta;<br/>
&eta; &theta; &iota; &kappa; &lambda; &mu; &nu;<br/>
&xi; &omicron; &pi; &rho; &sigma; &sigmaf;<br/>
&tau; &upsilon; &phi; &chi; &psi; &omega;<br/>
&Gamma; &Delta; &Theta; &Lambda; &Xi; &Pi;<br/>
&Sigma; &Phi; &Psi; &Omega;
|
<br/>
<pre><nowiki>
&amp;alpha; &amp;beta; &amp;gamma; &amp;delta; &amp;epsilon; &amp;zeta;
&amp;eta; &amp;theta; &amp;iota; &amp;kappa; &amp;lambda; &amp;mu; &amp;nu;
&amp;xi; &amp;omicron; &amp;pi; &amp;rho; &amp;sigma; &amp;sigmaf;
&amp;tau; &amp;upsilon; &amp;phi; &amp;chi; &amp;psi; &amp;omega;
&amp;Gamma; &amp;Delta; &amp;Theta; &amp;Lambda; &amp;Xi; &amp;Pi;
&amp;Sigma; &amp;Phi; &amp;Psi; &amp;Omega;
</nowiki></pre>
|- valign="top"
|
'''Math characters:'''
<br/>
&int; &sum; &prod; &radic; &minus; &plusmn; &infin;<br/>
&asymp; &prop; &equiv; &ne; &le; &ge; &rarr;<br/>
&times; &middot; &divide; &part; &prime; &Prime;<br/>
&nabla; &permil; &deg; &there4; &alefsym; &oslash;<br/>
&isin; &notin; &cap; &cup; &sub; &sup; &sube; &supe;<br/>
&not; &and; &or; &exist; &forall; &rArr; &hArr;<br/>
&rarr; &harr;<br/>
* See also [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Mathematics|WikiProject Mathematics]].
|
<br/>
<pre><nowiki>
&amp;int; &amp;sum; &amp;prod; &amp;radic; &amp;minus; &amp;plusmn; &amp;infin;
&amp;asymp; &amp;prop; &amp;equiv; &amp;ne; &amp;le; &amp;ge; &amp;rarr;
&amp;times; &amp;middot; &amp;divide; &amp;part; &amp;prime; &amp;Prime;
&amp;nabla; &amp;permil; &amp;deg; &amp;there4; &amp;alefsym; &amp;oslash;
&amp;isin; &amp;notin; &amp;cap; &amp;cup; &amp;sub; &amp;sup; &amp;sube; &amp;supe;
&amp;not; &amp;and; &amp;or; &amp;exist; &amp;forall; &amp;rArr; &amp;hArr;
&amp;rarr; &amp;harr;
</nowiki></pre>
|- valign="top"
|
'''Spacing in simple math formulas:'''
<br/>
Obviously, ''x''&sup2;&nbsp;&ge;&nbsp;0 is true.
*To space things out without allowing line breaks to interrupt the formula, use non-breaking spaces: <tt>&amp;nbsp;</tt>.
|
<br/>
<pre><nowiki>
Obviously, ''x''&amp;sup2;&amp;nbsp;&amp;ge;&amp;nbsp;0 is true.
</nowiki></pre>
|- valign="top"
|
'''Complicated formulas:'''
<br/>
: <math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math>
* See [[m:Help:Formula]] for how to use <tt>&lt;math></tt>.
* A formula displayed on a line by itself should probably be indented by using the colon (:) character.
|
<br/>
<pre><nowiki>
: <math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math>
</nowiki></pre>
|- valign="top"
|
'''Suppressing interpretation of markup:'''
<br/>
<nowiki>Link &rarr; (''to'') the [[Wikipedia FAQ]]</nowiki>
* Used to show literal data that would otherwise have special meaning.
* Escape all wiki markup, including that which looks like HTML tags.
* Does not escape HTML character references.
* To escape HTML character references such as <tt>&amp;rarr;</tt> use <tt>&amp;amp;rarr;</tt>
|
<br/>
<pre><nowiki>
&lt;nowiki>Link &amp;rarr; (''to'')
the [[Wikipedia FAQ]]&lt;/nowiki>
</nowiki></pre>
|- valign="top"
|
'''Commenting page source:'''
<br/>
''not shown when viewing page''
* Used to leave comments in a page for future editors.
* Note that most comments should go on the appropriate [[Wikipedia:Talk page|Talk page]].
|
<br/>
<pre><nowiki>
&lt;!-- comment here -->
</nowiki></pre>
|}
''(see also: [[Chess symbols in Unicode]])''


=== Tables ===
* [[List of cities by country#Morocco]].
==== Placement of the Table of Contents (TOC) ====
At the current status of the wiki markup language, having at least four headers on a page triggers the TOC to appear in front of the first header (or after introductory sections).  Putting <nowiki>__TOC__</nowiki> anywhere forces the TOC to appear at that point (instead of just before the first header).  Putting <nowiki>__NOTOC__</nowiki> anywhere forces the TOC to disappear.  See also [[Wikipedia:Section#Compact_TOC|compact TOC]] for alphabet and year headings.


==== Keeping headings out of the Table of Contents ====
If multiple sections have the same title, add
a number. [[#Example section 3]] goes to the
third section named "Example section".
|<pre>


If you want some subheadings to not appear in the Table of Contents, then make the following replacements.
You can link to a page section by its title:


Replace  <nowiki> == Header 2 == with <h2> Header 2 </h2> </nowiki>
* [[List of cities by country#Morocco]].


Replace  <nowiki> === Header 3 === with <h3> Header 3 </h3> </nowiki>
If multiple sections have the same title, add
 
a number. [[#Example section 3]] goes to the
And so forth.
third section named "Example section".
 
</pre>
For example, notice that the following header has the same font as the other subheaders to this "Tables" section, but the following header does not appear in the Table of Contents for this page.
 
<h4> This header has the h4 font, but is NOT in the Table of Contents </h4>
 
This effect is obtained by the following line of code.
 
<nowiki><h4> This header has the h4 font, but is NOT in the Table of Contents </h4></nowiki>
 
 
==== Tables ====
There are two ways to build tables:
*in special Wiki-markup (see [[m:Help:Table]])
*with the usual HTML elements: &lt;table&gt;, &lt;tr&gt;, &lt;td&gt; or &lt;th&gt;.
 
For the latter, and a discussion on when tables are appropriate, see [[Wikipedia:How to use tables]].
 
===Variables===
 
''(See also [[m:Help:Variable]])''
{|
|-
! Code
! Effect
|-
| <nowiki>{{CURRENTMONTH}}</nowiki> || {{CURRENTMONTH}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}</nowiki>
| {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN}}</nowiki>
| {{CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{CURRENTDAY}}</nowiki> || {{CURRENTDAY}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{CURRENTDAYNAME}}</nowiki> || {{CURRENTDAYNAME}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{CURRENTYEAR}}</nowiki> || {{CURRENTYEAR}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{CURRENTTIME}}</nowiki> || {{CURRENTTIME}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}</nowiki>
| {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{PAGENAME}}</nowiki> || {{PAGENAME}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{NAMESPACE}}</nowiki> || {{NAMESPACE}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{localurl:pagename}}</nowiki>
| {{localurl:pagename}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{localurl:</nowiki>''Wikipedia:Sandbox''<nowiki>|action=edit}}</nowiki>
| {{localurl:Wikipedia:Sandbox|action=edit}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{SERVER}}</nowiki> || {{SERVER}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:1}}</nowiki> || {{ns:1}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:2}}</nowiki> || {{ns:2}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:3}}</nowiki> || {{ns:3}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:4}}</nowiki> || {{ns:4}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:5}}</nowiki> || {{ns:5}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:6}}</nowiki> || {{ns:6}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:7}}</nowiki> || {{ns:7}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:8}}</nowiki> || {{ns:8}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:9}}</nowiki> || {{ns:9}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:10}}</nowiki> || {{ns:10}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:11}}</nowiki> || {{ns:11}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:12}}</nowiki> || {{ns:12}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:13}}</nowiki> || {{ns:13}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:14}}</nowiki> || {{ns:14}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{ns:15}}</nowiki> || {{ns:15}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{SITENAME}}</nowiki> || {{SITENAME}}
|}
|}


'''NUMBEROFARTICLES''' is the number of pages in the main namespace which contain a link and are not a redirect, i.e. number of articles, stubs containing a link, and disambiguation pages.
==Further reading==
 
<!--More relevant links are welcome-->
===Templates===
 
The [[Wikipedia:MediaWiki|MediaWiki]] software used by Wikipedia has limited support for template inclusion. This means standardized text chunks (such as boilerplate text) can be inserted into articles. For example, typing <nowiki>{{stub}}</nowiki> will appear as "''This article is a [[Wikipedia:The perfect stub article|stub]]. You can help Wikipedia by [[Wikipedia:Find or fix a stub|expanding it]].''" when the page is saved. See [[Wikipedia:Template messages]] for the complete list. Other commonly used ones are: <nowiki>{{disambig}}</nowiki> for disambiguation pages, <nowiki>{{spoiler}}</nowiki> for spoiler warnings and <nowiki>{{sectstub}}</nowiki> like an article stub but for a section. There are many subject-specific stubs e.g.: <nowiki> {{Geo-stub}}, {{Hist-stub}} and {{Linux-stub}}</nowiki>. For a complete list of stubs see [[Wikipedia:Template messages/Stubs]].


===Hiding the edit links===
===Editing help===
* [[Help:Editing FAQ]]
*[[Help:Editing toolbar]]
*[[Help:Minor edit]]


Insert '''<nowiki>__NOEDITSECTION__</nowiki>''' into the document to suppress the edit links that appear next to every section header.
===Wiki markups and codes===
*[[Help:Wikitext examples]]
*[[m:Help:Reference card|Help:Reference card]]: a one-page summary of important commands, to be printed out and used next to the computer
*[[Help:HTML in wikitext]]
*[[w:HTML element|HTML elements]]: introduction to HTML


==See also==
===Page management===
*[[m:Help:Formula]]
*[[Help:Starting a new page]]
*[[m:Help:Editing|Mediawiki user's guide to editing]]
*{{ml|Help:Administration|Protection|Protecting pages}}
*[[Wikipedia:MediaWiki]].
*{{mlw|Wikipedia:Merging and moving pages|Merging and moving pages}}
*[[HTML element]].
*{{mlm|Anti-spam features}}
*[[Wikipedia:Protection policy]]
{{h:f|enname=Editing}}
<small>[[Ajuda:Editando |Português]](pt)</small>

Revision as of 22:59, 9 November 2007

Template:H:h

On a wiki, it is customary to allow readers to edit content and structure. This is a brief overview of the editing and contributing process. The editing table of contents to the right contains more information on editing functions.

Editing basics

Review policy and conventions

Make sure that you submit information which is relevant to the specific purpose of the wiki, or your content might be deleted. You can always use the talk pages to ask questions or check to see if your idea will be accepted. Please make note of the license your contributions will be covered with.

Start editing

To start editing a MediaWiki page, click the Edit this page (or just edit) link at one of its edges. This brings you to the edit page: a page with a text box containing the wikitext – the editable code from which the server produces the finished page, and often called the edit box.
If you just want to experiment, please do so in the sandbox, not in the edit box.

Type your changes

You can just type your text. However, also using basic wiki markup (described in the next section) to make links and do simple formatting adds to the value of your contribution. Wikimedia wikis have style guidelines available. If you follow these, your contributions will be more valuable as they won't need to be cleaned up later.

Summarize your changes

Write a short edit summary in the small field below the edit-box. You may use shorthand to describe your changes, as described in the edit summary legend.

Preview before saving!

When you have finished, click Show preview to see how your changes will look before you make them permanent. Repeat the edit/preview process until you are satisfied, then click Save page and your changes will be immediately applied to the article. Sometimes it is helpful to save in between.

Most frequent wiki markup explained

Here are the most frequently used types of wiki markup. If you need more help see Wikitext examples.


What it looks like What you type

You can italicize text by putting 2 apostrophes on each side.

3 apostrophes will embolden the text.

5 apostrophes will embolden and italicize the text.

(4 apostrophes don't do anything special -- there's just 'one left over'.)

You can ''italicize text'' by putting 2 
apostrophes on each side. 

3 apostrophes will embolden '''the text'''. 

5 apostrophes will embolden and italicize 
'''''the text'''''.

(4 apostrophes don't do anything
special -- there's just ''''one left
over''''.)

You should "sign" your comments on talk pages:
- Three tildes give your user name: Example
- Four tildes give your user name plus date/time: Example 07:46, 27 November 2005 (UTC)
- Five tildes give the date/time alone: 07:46, 27 November 2005 (UTC)

You should "sign" your comments 
on talk pages: <br />
- Three tildes give your user
name: ~~~ <br />
- Four tildes give your user 
name plus date/time: ~~~~ <br />
- Five tildes give the 
date/time alone: ~~~~~ <br />
Section headings

Headings organize your writing into sections. The Wiki software can automatically generate a table of contents from them.

Subsection

Using more equals signs creates a subsection.

A smaller subsection

Don't skip levels, like from two to four equals signs.

Start with 2 equals signs not 1 because 1 creates H1 tags which should be reserved for page title.

== Section headings ==

''Headings'' organize your writing into sections.
The Wiki software can automatically generate
a table of contents from them.

=== Subsection ===

Using more equals signs creates a subsection.

==== A smaller subsection ====

Don't skip levels, 
like from two to four equals signs.

Start with 2 equals signs not 1 
because 1 creates H1 tags
which should be reserved for page title.
  • Unordered lists are easy to do:
    • Start every line with a star.
      • More stars indicate a deeper level.
    Previous item continues.
    • A new line
  • in a list

marks the end of the list.

  • Of course you can start again.
* ''Unordered lists'' are easy to do:
** Start every line with a star.
*** More stars indicate a deeper level.
*: Previous item continues.
** A new line
* in a list  
marks the end of the list.
* Of course you can start again.
  1. Numbered lists are:
    1. Very organized
    2. Easy to follow

A new line marks the end of the list.

  1. New numbering starts with 1.
# ''Numbered lists'' are:
## Very organized
## Easy to follow
A new line marks the end of the list.
# New numbering starts with 1.
A colon (:) indents a line or paragraph.

A newline starts a new paragraph.
Often used for discussion on talk pages.

We use 1 colon to indent once.
We use 2 colons to indent twice.
3 colons to indent 3 times, and so on.
: A colon (:) indents a line or paragraph.
A newline starts a new paragraph. <br>
Often used for discussion on talk pages.
: We use 1 colon to indent once.
:: We use 2 colons to indent twice.
::: 3 colons to indent 3 times, and so on.


Here's a link to the Main page.

Here's a link to the [[Main page]].

The weather in London is a page that doesn't exist yet. You could create it by clicking on the link.

[[The weather in London]] is 
a page that doesn't exist
yet. You could create it by 
clicking on the link.

You can link to a page section by its title:

If multiple sections have the same title, add a number. #Example section 3 goes to the third section named "Example section".


You can link to a page section by its title:

* [[List of cities by country#Morocco]].

If multiple sections have the same title, add
a number. [[#Example section 3]] goes to the
third section named "Example section".

Further reading

Editing help

Wiki markups and codes

Page management

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