History of Services 971 - 993
Service 971 (2020 - 2022)
Operator | Year | Date | Service changes |
---|---|---|---|
Template:SMRT Buses | 2020 | 31 August | Re-numbered from Express Service 971E between Bt Panjang Ring Rd and Cecil St (AM Peak) and between Anson Rd and Bt Panjang Ring Rd (PM Peak) as a peak hour one-directional service on weekdays. Wheelchair-accessible at launch. |
2022 | 4 April | Integrated with Service 972M and discontinued. |
Service 972
Operator | Route | Year | Date | Service changes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Template:SMRT Buses (Current) |
Bt Panjang Temp Bus Pk ↺ Orchard Rd (2013 - 2017) | 2013 | 17 November | Introduced between Bt Panjang Temp Bus Pk and Bencoolen St (Loop) under the LTA's Bus Service Enhancement Programme (BSEP), operating between 0600 hrs and 2300 hrs daily. |
2014 | 2 March | Designated wheelchair-accessible bus service (WAB). | ||
2015 | 14 June | Amended to ply Senja Rd and Senja Lk. | ||
12 July | First bus timing revised to 0530 hrs daily. | |||
16 August | Serves 2 new bus stops between Blks 443A and 443B and outside Blk 442D along Fajar Rd. | |||
6 September | Serves new pair of bus stops outside and opposite Blk 635C along Senja Rd. | |||
Serves new pair of bus stops outside Blk 548B and outside Blk 547C along Segar Rd. | ||||
27 December | Serves the bus stop opposite Blk 183 along Bt Panjang Rd, skipping the bus stop outside Blk 604. | |||
2016 | 11 December | Skips removed bus stop outside SMU along Bencoolen St. | ||
Bukit Panjang ↺ Orchard Rd (since 2017) | 2017 | 4 September | Amended to Bt Panjang Integrated Transport Hub. | |
2022 | 3 April | Amended to ply Senja Rd and Bt Panjang Ring Rd towards Orchard Rd with the conversion of Senja Lk to one-way traffic. |
Short Trip 972A
Operator | Route | Year | Date | Service changes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Template:SMRT Buses (Current) |
Bt Panjang Temp Bus Pk → Orchard Rd (2013 - 2017) | 2013 | 17 November | Introduced from Bt Panjang Temp Bus Pk to Orchard Rd (Dhoby Ghaut Stn), operating after the last bus of Service 972 daily. |
2014 | 2 March | Designated wheelchair-accessible bus service (WAB). | ||
2015 | 14 June | Amended to ply Senja Rd and Senja Lk. | ||
16 August | Serves 2 new bus stops between Blks 443A and 443B and outside Blk 442D along Fajar Rd. | |||
6 September | Serves new bus stop outside Blk 635C along Senja Rd. | |||
Serves new bus stop outside Blk 548B along Segar Rd. | ||||
27 December | Serves the bus stop opposite Blk 183 along Bt Panjang Rd, skipping the bus stop outside Blk 604. | |||
Bukit Panjang → Orchard Rd (since 2017) | 2017 | 4 September | Amended to Bt Panjang Integrated Transport Hub. | |
Last bus extended to 2335 hrs daily. | ||||
2022 | 3 April | Amended to ply Senja Rd and Bt Panjang Ring Rd with the conversion of Senja Lk to one-way traffic. |
Service 972M
Operator | Route | Year | Date | Service changes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Template:SMRT Buses (Current) |
Bukit Panjang ↺ Orchard Rd (since 2020) | 2020 | 30 August | Introduced as a supplementary service between Bt Panjang Int and Orchard Rd (Loop), plying an alternate route of Service 972 via Dunearn Rd, Scotts Rd and Bukit Timah Rd between 0545 hrs and 2250 hrs daily, replacing the deleted sectors of Service 171 and 700/700A, skipping Stevens Rd. Wheelchair-accessible at launch. |
2022 | 3 April | Amended to ply Senja Rd and Bt Panjang Ring Rd towards Orchard Rd with the conversion of Senja Lk to one-way traffic. | ||
Amended to ply Pending Rd, Petir Rd and Dairy Farm Rd, replacing the deleted sectors of Service 971, skipping Bt Panjang Rd. | ||||
2023 | 8 January | Skips the bus stop outside Newton Stn Exit B along Scotts Rd temporarily to facilitate upgrading works. | ||
27 August | Serves reinstated bus stop outside Newton Stn Exit B along Scotts Rd. |
Service 973
Operator | Route | Year | Date | Service changes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Template:SMRT Buses (Current) |
Bt Panjang Temp Bus Pk ↺ Hume Ave (Feb - Sep 2017) | 2017 | 26 February | Introduced between Bt Panjang Temp Bus Pk and Hume Ave (Loop), operating between 0525 hrs and 2400 hrs daily. Wheelchair-accessible at launch. |
14 May | Serves additional bus stop opposite Hillview Stn along Upp Bt Timah Rd. | |||
Bukit Panjang ↺ Hume Ave (since Sep 2017) | 4 September | Amended to Bt Panjang Integrated Transport Hub. | ||
Serves 3 new bus stops before and after Dairy Farm Hts along Dairy Farm Rd and before Hillview Stn along Upp Bt Timah Rd. | ||||
2019 | 13 January | Last bus extended to 0010 hrs daily. |
Short Trip 973A
Operator | Year | Date | Service changes |
---|---|---|---|
Template:SMRT Buses (Current) |
2019 | 13 January | Introduced from Bt Panjang Int to Pending Rd (Bef Pending Stn), operating after the last bus of Service 973 daily. Wheelchair-accessible at launch. |
Service 974
Operator | Route | Year | Date | Service changes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bt Panjang Temp Bus Pk ↔ Joo Koon (2018 - 2021) | 2018 | 8 April | Introduced between Upp Bt Timah Rd (Bt Panjang Stn Exit A/LRT) and Joo Koon Int, operating between 0545 hrs and 2330 hrs daily from Upp Bt Timah Rd and Joo Koon Int. Wheelchair-accessible at launch. | |
Joo Koon ↺ Bt Panjang Stn (since 2021) | 2021 | 23 January | Amended to loop at Upp Bt Timah Rd from Joo Koon Int, skipping the bus stop after Bt Panjang Stn along Upp Bt Timah Rd with the closure of Bt Panjang Temp Bus Pk. | |
Template:SBS Transit (Current) |
29 May | Operations transferred to SBS Transit. | ||
2022 | 13 February | Serves a new pair of bus stops after Blk 503 and opposite Blk 502 along KJE. |
Short Trip 974A
Operator | Route | Year | Date | Service changes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Upp Bt Timah Rd → Choa Chu Kang Ave 4 (2019 - 2021) | 2019 | 13 January | Introduced from Upp Bt Timah Rd (Bt Panjang Stn Exit A/LRT) to Choa Chu Kang Ave 4 (Lot 1 Shoppers' Mall), operating after the last bus of Service 974 daily. Wheelchair-accessible at launch. | |
Joo Koon → Upp Bt Timah Rd → Choa Chu Kang Ave 4 (since 2021) | 2021 | 23 January | Extended to start from Joo Koon Int with the amendment of Service 974 to loop at Upp Bt Timah Rd from Joo Koon Int. | |
Template:SBS Transit (Current) |
29 May | Operations transferred to SBS Transit. | ||
2022 | 13 February | Serves new bus stop opposite Blk 502 along KJE. |
Service 975
Operator | Route | Year | Date | Service changes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Template:SMRT Buses (Current) |
Bukit Panjang ↺ Lim Chu Kang Rd (2005 - 2012) | 2005 | 27 February | Re-numbered from Service 175 as a service between Bt Panjang Int and Lim Chu Kang Rd (Loop). |
2008 | TBC | First bus revised to 0545 hrs on weekdays and Saturdays, and 0600 hrs on Sundays and Public Holidays. | ||
2010 | 28 November | Amended to ply Lor Rusuk with the partial closure of Old Lim Chu Kang Rd. | ||
2011 | 23 October | Skips a pair of removed bus stops after LP 222 and B27 Old Choa Chu Kang Rd along Old Choa Chu Kang Rd. | ||
Bt Panjang Temp Bus Pk ↺ Lim Chu Kang Rd (2012 - 2017) | 2012 | 16 December | Amended to start from and terminate at Jelebu Rd with the opening of Bt Panjang Temp Bus Pk and the closure of Bt Panjang Int. | |
2015 | 27 December | Serves additional bus stop outside Bt Panjang Stn along Petir Rd. | ||
2017 | 16 July | Designated wheelchair-accessible bus service (WAB). | ||
Bukit Panjang ↺ Lim Chu Kang Rd (since 2017) | 4 September | Amended to Bt Panjang Integrated Transport Hub. | ||
Last bus extended to 2335 hrs daily. |
Short Trip 975A (2014 - 2018)
Operator | Route | Year | Date | Service changes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Template:SMRT Buses | Bt Panjang Temp Bus Pk → Lor Rusuk (2014 - 2017) | 2014 | 12 May | Introduced from Jelebu Rd (Opp Blk 180) to Lor Rusuk (Aft Old Lim Chu Kang Rd) during peak hours on weekdays. |
2015 | 27 December | Extended to start from Petir Rd (Bt Panjang Stn). | ||
2017 | 16 July | Designated wheelchair-accessible bus service (WAB). | ||
Bukit Panjang → Lor Rusuk (2017 - 2018) | 4 September | Amended to Bt Panjang Integrated Transport Hub. | ||
2018 | 28 October | Integrated with Short Trip 975B and discontinued. |
Short Trip 975A (since 2020)
Operator | Year | Date | Service changes |
---|---|---|---|
Template:SMRT Buses (Current) |
2020 | 28 January | Introduced from Choa Chu Kang Ave 4 (Opp Choa Chu Kang Stn) to Brickland Rd (Aft Hai Inn See Tp) during evening peak hours daily. Wheelchair-accessible at launch. |
Short Trip 975B
Operator | Year | Date | Service changes |
---|---|---|---|
Template:SMRT Buses (Current) |
2016 | 24 April | Introduced from Choa Chu Kang Ave 4 (Opp Choa Chu Kang Stn) to Lim Chu Kang Rd (Opp Lim Chu Kang Lane 3) on Sundays and Public Holidays. |
2017 | 13 February | Enhanced to operate on weekday and Saturday evenings. | |
16 July | Designated wheelchair-accessible bus service (WAB). | ||
2018 | 28 October | Integrated with Short Trip 975A and enhanced to operate during morning peak hours on weekdays. |
Short Trip 975C
Operator | Year | Date | Service changes |
---|---|---|---|
Template:SMRT Buses (Current) |
2021 | 11 April | Introduced from Bt Panjang Int to Lim Chu Kang Rd (Police Coast Guard), operating after the last bus of Service 975 daily. Wheelchair-accessible at launch. |
Service 976
Operator | Route | Year | Date | Service changes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Template:SMRT Buses (Current) |
Choa Chu Kang ↔ Bukit Panjang (since 2019) | 2019 | 10 November | Introduced between Choa Chu Kang Int and Bt Panjang Int, operating between 0530 hrs and 0030 hrs daily from Choa Chu Kang Int and between 0550 hrs and 0050 hrs daily from Bt Panjang Int. Wheelchair-accessible at launch. |
2022 | 3 April | Amended to ply Senja Rd towards Bt Panjang Int with the conversion of Senja Lk to one-way traffic. |
Service 979
Operator | Route | Year | Date | Service changes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Template:SMRT Buses (Current) |
Bt Panjang Temp Bus Pk ↺ Choa Chu Kang Cres (2015 - 2017) | 2015 | 27 December | Introduced between Bt Panjang Temp Bus Pk and Choa Chu Kang Cres (Loop) under the LTA's Bus Service Enhancement Programme (BSEP), operating between 0540 hrs and 2340 hrs daily. Wheelchair-accessible at launch. |
Bukit Panjang ↺ Choa Chu Kang Cres (since 2017) | 2017 | 4 September | Amended to Bt Panjang Integrated Transport Hub. | |
2018 | 22 July | Integrated with Service 979M and amended to ply Woodlands Rd, Stagmont Ring and Choa Chu Kang Nth 5. | ||
2020 | 13 April | Last bus extended to 2400 hrs on weekdays. | ||
2023 | 1 April | Last bus to be extended to 2400 hrs on Saturdays, Sundays & Public Holidays. |
Service 979M (2016 - 2018)
Operator | Route | Year | Date | Service changes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Template:SMRT Buses | Bt Panjang Temp Bus Pk ↺ Choa Chu Kang North 5 (2016 - 2017) | 2016 | 24 April | Introduced as a temporary supplementary service between Bt Panjang Temp Bus Pk and Choa Chu Kang Nth 5 (Loop) under the LTA's Bus Service Enhancement Programme (BSEP), operating between 0555 hrs and 2325 hrs daily. Wheelchair-accessible at launch. |
Bukit Panjang ↺ Choa Chu Kang North 5 (2017 - 2018) | 2017 | 4 September | Amended to Bt Panjang Integrated Transport Hub. | |
2018 | 22 July | Integrated with Service 979 and discontinued. |
Service 980
Operator | Route | Year | Date | Service changes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Admiralty Rd West ↔ Lor 1 Geylang (1998 - 2005) | 1998 | 27 December | Re-numbered from Service 160 as a service between Admiralty Rd West Ter and Lor 1 Geylang Ter. | |
1999 | TBC | Serves new pair of bus stops before Sembawang Stn and after Admiralty Country Club along Canberra Rd. | ||
2001 | 18 February | Serves the bus stop outside Novena Stn along Thomson Rd, skipping the bus stop outside Novena Ch. | ||
Template:SMRT Buses | Sembawang ↔ Lor 1 Geylang (since 2005) | 2005 | 20 November | Amended to Sembawang Int. |
2006 | TBC | Last bus from Lor 1 Geylang Ter brought forward to 2330 hrs on Sundays & Public Holidays. | ||
3 December | Amended to ply Sembawang Dr, Admiralty Dr and Canberra Rd. | |||
2007 | TBC | First bus from Lor 1 Geylang Ter revised to 0600 hrs daily. | ||
2012 | 15 November | Designated wheelchair-accessible bus service (WAB). | ||
2019 | 22 December | Serves new bus stop before Adana @ Thomson along Upp Thomson Rd. | ||
2020 | 8 November | Skips the bus stop opposite SLF Cplx along Thomson Rd to facilitate the construction of the North-South Corridor (NSC). | ||
(Current) |
2021 | 3 October | Operations transferred to Tower Transit Singapore. | |
2023 | 17 December | First bus from Sembawang Int brought forward to 0530 hrs on weekdays and Saturdays, and 0545 hrs on Sundays and Public Holidays. Last bus to Sembawang Int from the bus stop opposite Novena Church extended to 0030h daily under Thomson-East Coast Line Bus Rationalisation. |
Service 981
Operator | Route | Year | Date | Service changes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sembawang Stn → Senoko Loop (AM) Senoko Rd → Sembawang Stn (PM) (1999 - 2005) |
1999 | 9 November | Introduced between Canberra Rd and Senoko Loop (AM Peak) and between Senoko Rd and Canberra Rd (PM Peak) as a peak hour one-directional service on weekdays and Saturdays. | |
2002 | 4 February | Amended to start from Sembawang Way for morning peak trips and terminate at Sembawang Way for evening peak trips. | ||
Template:SMRT Buses | Sembawang → Senoko Loop (AM) Senoko Rd → Sembawang (PM) (since 2005) |
2005 | 20 November | Extended to Sembawang Int. |
2013 | 21 April | Designated wheelchair-accessible bus service (WAB). | ||
(Current) |
2021 | 3 October | Operations transferred to Tower Transit Singapore. |
Service 983
Operator | Route | Year | Date | Service changes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Template:SMRT Buses (Current) |
Choa Chu Kang ↺ Choa Chu Kang Ave 5 (Apr - Dec 2015) | 2015 | 25 April | Introduced between Choa Chu Kang Int and Choa Chu Kang Ave 5 (Loop) under the LTA's Bus Service Enhancement Programme (BSEP), operating between 0545 hrs and 2345 hrs daily. |
14 June | Designated wheelchair-accessible bus service (WAB). | |||
Choa Chu Kang ↺ Bt Panjang Rd (since Dec 2015) | 27 December | Extended to loop at Jelebu Rd. | ||
2016 | 3 January | Serves new pair of bus stops outside and opposite APSN along Choa Chu Kang Gr. | ||
24 April | Serves new pair of bus stops outside and opposite Blk 810 CP along Choa Chu Kang Ave 7. | |||
2017 | 4 September | Serves the bus stop after Bt Panjang Stn along Upp Bt Timah Rd, skipping the removed bus stop along Petir Rd and the bus stop opposite Bt Panjang Plaza along Jelebu Rd. | ||
2018 | 16 December | Amended to new Choa Chu Kang Int. | ||
2024 | 26 August | First bus from Choa Chu Kang Int to be brought forward to 0530 hrs daily. |
Short Trip 983A
Operator | Year | Date | Service changes |
---|---|---|---|
Template:SMRT Buses (Current) |
2018 | 30 September | Introduced from Choa Chu Kang Int to Choa Chu Kang Rd (Blk 26), operating after the last bus of Service 983 daily. Wheelchair-accessible at launch. |
16 December | Amended to new Choa Chu Kang Int. | ||
2019 | 5 October | Last bus extended to 0105 hrs daily. |
Service 983M
Operator | Route | Year | Date | Service changes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Template:SMRT Buses (Current) |
Choa Chu Kang Ave 5 → Teck Whye Cres (since 2024) | 2024 | 18 March | Introduced as a supplementary service from Choa Chu Kang Ave 5 to Teck Whye Cres as a morning peak hour service on weekdays (except school holidays). Wheelchair-accessible at launch. |
Service 985
Operator | Year | Date | Service changes |
---|---|---|---|
2003 | 27 July | Introduced between Choa Chu Kang Int and Lor 1 Geylang Ter with the integration of Services 185 and 989. | |
12 October | Serves bus stop opposite Bt Timah Plaza along Jln Anak Bt with the removal of the bus stop under the PIE Flyover. | ||
2004 | 27 April | Amended to ply Geylang Rd, Kallang Rd and Sims Ave towards Choa Chu Kang Int with the temporary conversion of Lor 1 Geylang to a one-way road. | |
Template:SMRT Buses (Current) |
6 December | Amended to ply the reinstated Lor 1 Geylang towards Choa Chu Kang Int, skipping Geylang Rd, Kallang Rd and Sims Ave. | |
2006 | 30 April | Amended to ply Bt Batok West Ave 5 and Bt Batok West Ave 7. | |
2012 | 15 November | Designated wheelchair-accessible bus service (WAB). | |
9 December | Amended to ply Upp Bt Timah Rd and Bt Timah Lk with the partial closure of Jln Jurong Kechil to facilitate the construction of Beauty World MRT station on the Downtown MRT Line. | ||
2014 | 26 January | Amended to ply the reinstated Jln Jurong Kechil, skipping Upp Bt Timah Rd and Bt Timah Lk. | |
2018 | 16 December | Amended to new Choa Chu Kang Int. |
Short Trip 985A (2003 - 2008)
Operator | Year | Date | Service changes |
---|---|---|---|
2003 | 28 July | Introduced from Choa Chu Kang Int to Jln Jurong Kechil (Bef Upp Bt Timah Rd) during morning peak hours on weekdays. | |
Template:SMRT Buses | 2008 | TBC | Discontinued. |
Service 985W (2006 - 2007)
Operator | Year | Date | Service changes |
---|---|---|---|
Template:SMRT Buses | 2006 | 15 October | Introduced between Choa Chu Kang Int and Lor 1 Geylang Ter via Bt Batok Rd and Bt Batok West Ave 7 on a 3-month trial. |
2007 | 14 October | Discontinued. |
Service 989 (2001 - 2003)
Operator | Route | Year | Date | Service changes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Choa Chu Kang ↔ Changi Airport (2001 - 2003) | 2001 | 5 August | Introduced between Choa Chu Kang Int and Changi Airport. | |
2003 | TBC | Serves new bus stop outside Goh & Goh Bldg along Jln Jurong Kechil. | ||
Choa Chu Kang ↺ Changi Airport (2003 - Jul 2003) | TBC | Converted to loop service between Choa Chu Kang Int and Changi Airport PTB 2. | ||
27 July | Integrated with Service 185 to form Service 985 and discontinued. |
Service 990
Operator | Year | Date | Service changes |
---|---|---|---|
Template:SMRT Buses | 2014 | 15 November | Introduced between Bt Batok Int and Jurong Gateway Rd (Loop) under the LTA's Bus Service Enhancement Programme (BSEP), operating between 0545 hrs and 2400 hrs daily. |
2015 | 14 March | Serves new bus stop opposite The JTC Summit along Jurong Gateway Rd. | |
22 March | Designated wheelchair-accessible bus service (WAB). | ||
(Current) |
2016 | 29 May | Operations transferred to Tower Transit Singapore. |
Service 991
Operator | Route | Year | Date | Service changes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Template:SMRT Buses (Current) |
Bukit Batok ↺ Bt Batok West Ave 5 (Jul - Sep 2018) | 2018 | 8 July | Introduced between Bt Batok Int and Bt Batok West Ave 5 (Loop), operating between 0530 hrs and 2400 hrs daily. Wheelchair-accessible at launch. |
Bukit Batok ↔ Choa Chu Kang (since Sep 2018) | 30 September | Integrated with Service 308 and extended to Choa Chu Kang Int. | ||
16 December | Amended to new Choa Chu Kang Int. | |||
23 December | Serves new pair of bus stops outside Blk 485B and opposite Blk 485A along Brickland Rd. |
Short Trip 991A
Operator | Year | Date | Service changes |
---|---|---|---|
Template:SMRT Buses (Current) |
2018 | 8 July | Introduced from Bt Batok Int to Bt Batok West Ave 3 (Princess E Pr Sch), operating after the last bus of Service 991 daily. Wheelchair-accessible at launch. |
Short Trip 991B
Operator | Year | Date | Service changes |
---|---|---|---|
Template:SMRT Buses (Current) |
2018 | 30 September | Introduced from Choa Chu Kang Int to Choa Chu Kang Ave 1 (Opp Choa Chu Kang Mkt), operating after the last bus of Service 991 daily. Wheelchair-accessible at launch. |
16 December | Amended to new Choa Chu Kang Int. |
Short Trip 991C
Operator | Year | Date | Service changes |
---|---|---|---|
Template:SMRT Buses (Current) |
2020 | 26 October | Introduced from Choa Chu Kang Ave 3 (Opp Blk 464) to Bt Batok West Ave 5 (Bt Gombak Stn) during morning peak hours on weekdays. Wheelchair-accessible at launch. |
Service 992
Operator | Route | Year | Date | Service changes |
---|---|---|---|---|
(Current) |
Bukit Batok ↺ Plantation Cres (Sep - Dec 2023) | 2023 | 24 September | Re-numbered from Feeder Service 944 as a service between Bt Batok Int and Plantation Cres (Loop), operating between 0530 hrs and 0055 hrs daily. |
Bukit Batok ↺ Tengah Blvd (Dec 2023 - 2024) | 24 December | Extended to loop at Tengah Blvd. | ||
Bukit Batok ↔ Tengah (since 2024) | 2024 | 21 July | Extended to terminate at Tengah Int, operating from 0505 hrs and 0045 hrs from Tengah Int and 0530 hrs and 0110 hrs from Bt Batok Int daily. | |
28 July | Serves additional bus stops along Tengah Gdn Wk. |
Short Trip 992A (2023 - 2024)
Operator | Route | Year | Date | Service changes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bukit Batok → Plantation Cres (Sep - Dec 2023) | 2023 | 24 September | Introduced from Bt Batok Int to Plantation Cres (Blk 111), operating after the last bus of Service 992 daily. Wheelchair-accessible at launch. | |
Bukit Batok → Tengah Blvd (Dec 2023 - 2024) | 24 December | Extended to terminate at Tengah Blvd (Blk 132B). | ||
2024 | 21 July | Discontinued with the route extension of Service 992 to Tengah Int. |
Service 993
Operator | Year | Date | Service changes |
---|---|---|---|
Template:SBS Transit (Current) |
2023 | 24 September | Re-numbered from Service 160M as a service between Jurong East Int and Bt Batok West Ave 8 (Loop), operating between 0545 hrs and 2345 hrs daily. |
24 December | Serves new bus stop outside Blk 432A along Bt Batok West Ave 8. |